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Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium

Maak net seerMoenie aanraak nieDit maak seer, maar dit sal jou nie ernstig skade doen nie.

Gifpaddas, skurwepaddas & salamanders

Gif in sy velEet: VleisGiftig om aan te raak of te eet, nie deur 'n byt of steek nie

Gevaar vir mense: PynlikDit kan regtig seermaak, maar dit is amper nooit ernstig nie.

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

Giftig deur 'n byt of steek, of giftig om aan te raak of te eet? Sommige diere spuit gif in met 'n byt of 'n steek. Ander is skadelik om aan te raak of te eet. Hierdie een is giftig om aan te raak of te eet.

Leef in

Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1

Suid-Amerika

Tuis

It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1

Lengte

1,2 cm tot 2 cm (0,5 in tot 0,8 in)1

Topspoed

omtrent 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Op land, rowwe skatting

Wat eet dit?

It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1

Foto van Pumpkin toadlet — Pumpkin toadlet. Foto: Carlos Otávio Gussoni. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Hoe om dit te herken

Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
Females tend to be larger than males.1

Word dikwels verwar met: It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

Gifkrag

Gif in sy vel

Sy vel is giftig. Dit is gevaarlik om aan te raak, te lek of te eet.

Wat doen sy gif as jy daaraan raak of dit eet?

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

Hoe gevaarlik is dit vir mense?

Gevaar vir mense: PynlikDit kan regtig seermaak, maar dit is amper nooit ernstig nie.

Wat doen dit as dit bang is?

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

As iemand daaraan geraak of dit geëet het

As iemand aan een geraak het: was die hande goed en moenie aan die oë of mond raak nie. As 'n kind of troeteldier een gelek of geëet het: bel 'n gifsentrum of jou noodnommer.

Bel altyd eers jou noodnommer (112, 000, 911). Dit is algemene noodhulpraad, nie mediese advies nie. Noodhulp-basiese beginsels

Bly veilig

Moet nooit aan 'n wilde dier raak, dit vang of terg nie, selfs nie 'n kleintjie nie, en selfs nie as dit lyk of dit slaap of dood is nie.
Gee dit spasie. As jy een raakloop, bly kalm, stap stadig terug en laat dit sy eie pad gaan.
As jy daaraan geraak of dit geëet het: moenie jou oë of mond vryf nie, was jou hande en kry mediese hulp.

Dit is nie uit om jou te kry nie. Sy gif is net daar sodat niks dit eet nie. Meer oor veilig bly

Waar in die wêreld?

Afrika Asië Europa Noord-Amerika Suid-Amerika Australië & Oseanië

Hoe groot is dit?

Hoe lank is dit?

korter as jou pinkiekan 100 meter in 180 sekondes aflê (die vinnigste mens het 9,6 nodig)

Hoe groot is Pumpkin toadlet in vergelyking met JOU?

Net wiskunde in jou blaaier. Niks word gestoor of enige plek heen gestuur nie.

Hoe vinnig is dit?

'n Skilpad omtrent 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Pumpkin toadlet omtrent 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

'n Mens wat loop omtrent 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

die moeite werd om te weet

Feite

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

Mite-breker

Mite: Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

Waarheid: Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

Vir gifkenners

Wetenskaplike naam: Brachycephalus ephippium
Groep: Gifpaddas, skurwepaddas & salamanders
Familie: Brachycephalidae2
Orde: Anura
Kontinente: Suid-Amerika
Babas: It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
Hoe dit in die natuur gaan: Not considered threatened1
Gevaar vir mense: 2 / 5: Pynlik3

Waar die feite vandaan kom

Pumpkin toadlet (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Brachycephalus ephippium (iNaturalist): name en klassifikasie.
Venom Wiki: die gevaarvlak, die tipiese grootte en die spoedskatting is ons eie. Kyk hoe ons dit uitwerk: Hoe ons gevaar gradeer.

Elke feit op hierdie bladsy het 'n nommer wat na sy bron wys. As ons iets verkeerd het, jammer, ons is dierfanatici, nie 'n wetenskaplike joernaal nie. Laat weet ons by [email protected] en ons maak dit reg.

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