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Rinkhals

Hemachatus haemachatus

Moet 'n dokter sienSelde dodelik, maar 'n byt of gif in die oë moet deur 'n dokter gesien word.

Kobras, mambas & kraits

Spuit of spoegEet: Vleis

Gevaar vir mense: Ernstig'n Byt of gif in die oë moet deur 'n dokter gesien word. Sterftes is baie skaars.

The rinkhals is a venomous snake that lives in southern Africa. It is often called the ring-necked spitting cobra, but it is not a true cobra. It is known for spitting venom at threats rather than relying on its bite.1

Leef in

Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini, with an isolated Zimbabwe population that may be extinct1

Afrika

Tuis

It prefers grasslands, from the coast up to altitudes of 2,000 m. It is extremely common on the Highveld and in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal. Because it eats frogs and toads, it is often found near wetlands.1

Lengte

90 cm tot 1,1 m (3 ft tot 3,6 ft)1

Topspoed

omtrent 6,9 km/h (4,3 mph)

Op land, rowwe skatting

Wat eet dit?

It hunts during the daytime and will prey on any vertebrate small enough to eat. Toads are its most common food in the wild, but it also eats rodents and small lizards.1

Foto van Rinkhals — Rinkhals. Foto: ProfbergerLee R. Berger. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Hoe om dit te herken

Its belly is dark, with one or two light-coloured crossbands on the throat.1
Its usual total length, including the tail, is 90 to 110 cm.1
Colour varies. Some individuals are mostly black, while others are striped.1
When distressed, it spreads its hood to show a striped neck.1
Its dorsal scales are keeled, which means they have a ridge down the middle.1

Word dikwels verwar met: It closely resembles true cobras, which belong to the genus Naja. Its keeled dorsal scales and the lack of solid teeth on the maxilla (upper jaw bone) set it apart, and these differences are why it is placed in its own genus, Hemachatus.1

Gifkrag

Spuit of spoeg

Dit spuit of spoeg 'n brandende vloeistof na aanvallers.

Wat doen sy gif as dit byt of steek?

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and partially cytotoxic, meaning it destroys body tissue. A bite causes great pain and can lead to necrosis (death of tissue). General symptoms include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, violent abdominal pain, cramps and vertigo, and local swelling and bruising occur in about a quarter of cases.1

Hoe gevaarlik is dit vir mense?

Gevaar vir mense: Ernstig'n Byt of gif in die oë moet deur 'n dokter gesien word. Sterftes is baie skaars.

Bites are rare, because the snake relies on other defences first. Most bites happen when people try to handle it. No fatality from a rinkhals bite has been recorded in over 40 years.1

Goeie nuus: dokters het 'n medisyne (teengif) of 'n behandeling hiervoor.1

Wat doen dit as dit bang is?

When threatened, it spreads its hood, hisses and lunges while spitting venom accurately up to 3 m, usually aiming at the face and eyes. If other defences fail, it may bite, and it can also roll over with its mouth open and tongue out.1

As dit byt of spoeg

Polyvalent antivenom is effective for treating rinkhals envenomation. If venom gets into the eyes, it causes great pain and inflammation, and corneal damage can occur if left untreated. Timely first aid and eye-washing will usually lead to recovery after a few days.1
Hou die persoon stil en kalm, haal ringe en stywe goed af, en kom vinnig by 'n hospitaal uit: teengif is die behandeling.
As gif in die oë gespoeg is, spoel hulle dadelik met baie skoon water uit.

Bel altyd eers jou noodnommer (112, 000, 911). Dit is algemene noodhulpraad, nie mediese advies nie. Noodhulp-basiese beginsels

Bly veilig

Moet nooit aan 'n wilde dier raak, dit vang of terg nie, selfs nie 'n kleintjie nie, en selfs nie as dit lyk of dit slaap of dood is nie.
Gee dit spasie. As jy een raakloop, bly kalm, stap stadig terug en laat dit sy eie pad gaan.
As een jou byt of gif in jou oë spoeg: bly kalm, bly stil, bel jou noodnommer (112, 000, 911) of kom vinnig by 'n hospitaal uit. Onthou hoe dit gelyk het, 'n foto help.

Dit is nie uit om jou te kry nie. Dit gebruik sy gif om kos te vang of om homself te beskerm, en kruip baie eerder weg. Meer oor veilig bly

Waar in die wêreld?

Afrika Asië Europa Noord-Amerika Suid-Amerika Australië & Oseanië

Hoe groot is dit?

Hoe lank is dit?

so lank soos 2 huiskatte neus tot stertso lank soos 6 piesangs punt aan puntkan 100 meter in 52 sekondes aflê (die vinnigste mens het 9,6 nodig)

Hoe groot is Rinkhals in vergelyking met JOU?

Net wiskunde in jou blaaier. Niks word gestoor of enige plek heen gestuur nie.

Hoe vinnig is dit?

'n Mens wat loop omtrent 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Rinkhals omtrent 6,9 km/h (4,3 mph)

'n Kind op 'n fiets omtrent 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

die moeite werd om te weet

Feite

When threatened, it can play dead by rolling onto its back with its mouth open and tongue out. This behaviour, called thanatosis, is also seen in some other snakes.1

It can spit venom accurately at targets up to 3 m away and has good control over its venom glands.1

Unlike true cobras, which lay eggs, it gives birth to live young.1

It is not a true cobra. It belongs to its own genus, Hemachatus, which has only one species.1

Mite-breker

Mite: The rinkhals is a true cobra.

Waarheid: It bears a great resemblance to true cobras, but it belongs to the genus Hemachatus rather than Naja, so it is not a true cobra.1

Vir gifkenners

Wetenskaplike naam: Hemachatus haemachatus
Groep: Kobras, mambas & kraits
Familie: Elapidae2
Orde: Squamata
Kontinente: Afrika
Babas: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. A litter usually has around 20 to 30 young, though some females give birth to over 60, typically in late summer (December to March in the southern hemisphere).1
Gevaar vir mense: 3 / 5: Ernstig3

Waar die feite vandaan kom

Rinkhals (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Hemachatus haemachatus (iNaturalist): name en klassifikasie.
Venom Wiki: die gevaarvlak, die tipiese grootte en die spoedskatting is ons eie. Kyk hoe ons dit uitwerk: Hoe ons gevaar gradeer.

Elke feit op hierdie bladsy het 'n nommer wat na sy bron wys. As ons iets verkeerd het, jammer, ons is dierfanatici, nie 'n wetenskaplike joernaal nie. Laat weet ons by [email protected] en ons maak dit reg.

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