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South American rattlesnake

Crotalus durissus

Kan doodmaakKan jou doodmaak sonder behandeling. As dit jou byt, kry vinnig hulp.

ByteEet: Vleis

Gevaar vir mense: Baie gevaarlikDit kan 'n mens doodmaak wat geen behandeling kry nie.

The South American rattlesnake is a large, highly venomous pit viper. It lives across much of South America, except the Andes Mountains, and also on some Caribbean islands. It is the most widely spread member of its genus, which is why it matters to people in so many places.1

Leef in

South America except the Andes, including Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; also some Caribbean islands, including Aruba1

Suid-Amerika

Tuis

It prefers savanna and semi-arid areas, and is found in several types of scrub and seasonal forest. In the Chaco region of Paraguay, it lives in the drier, sandier areas.1

Lengte

1,9 m (6,2 ft)1

Topspoed

omtrent 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

Op land, rowwe skatting

Wat eet dit?

It eats mainly rodents, which are abundant and available all year in most of its range. In some regions it also eats lizards of the Teiidae family.1

Foto van South American rattlesnake — South American rattlesnake. Foto: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Hoe om dit te herken

Two distinct stripes start at the base of the head, and the colour between the lines is lighter than the stripes.1
Body colour and pattern vary, but most have 18 to 32 dark diamond or rhombic spots along the back.1
The head has a dark brown bar at the top and a dark band behind the eye.1
The tail is usually grey, with dark, faint crossed bands.1
The belly is white or yellowish with light grey spots, getting darker towards the tail.1

Gifkrag

Byte

Gif kom deur sy giftande of tande uit wanneer dit byt.

Wat doen sy gif as dit byt of steek?

Its venom contains neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and myotoxins, which damage muscle. These cause progressive paralysis, including impaired or lost vision, hearing problems, drooping eyelids and weakness in the neck muscles, which can become so limp that the head appears broken. Breathing can eventually be stopped by paralysis, and the muscle damage can cause dark urine.1

Hoe gevaarlik is dit vir mense?

Gevaar vir mense: Baie gevaarlikDit kan 'n mens doodmaak wat geen behandeling kry nie.

It is a highly venomous snake. The mortality rate is 72% for bite cases without specific serum treatment, and 11% for cases with it. Acute kidney failure is considered the main cause of death.1

Goeie nuus: dokters het 'n medisyne (teengif) of 'n behandeling hiervoor.1

Wat doen dit as dit bang is?

It is highly alert and gives little warning before it strikes, but it is seldom aggressive towards people.1

As dit byt

Specific serum treatment (antivenom) greatly lowers the death rate, so a bite needs urgent hospital care to give it.1
Hou die persoon stil en kalm, hou die gebyte arm of been op hartvlak, haal ringe en stywe goed af, en kom vinnig by 'n hospitaal uit.

Bel altyd eers jou noodnommer (112, 000, 911). Dit is algemene noodhulpraad, nie mediese advies nie. Noodhulp-basiese beginsels

Bly veilig

Moet nooit aan 'n wilde dier raak, dit vang of terg nie, selfs nie 'n kleintjie nie, en selfs nie as dit lyk of dit slaap of dood is nie.
Gee dit spasie. As jy een raakloop, bly kalm, stap stadig terug en laat dit sy eie pad gaan.
As een jou byt: bly kalm, bly stil, bel jou noodnommer (112, 000, 911) of kom vinnig by 'n hospitaal uit. Onthou hoe dit gelyk het, 'n foto help.

Dit is nie uit om jou te kry nie. Dit gebruik sy gif om kos te vang of om homself te beskerm, en kruip baie eerder weg. Meer oor veilig bly

Waar in die wêreld?

Afrika Asië Europa Noord-Amerika Suid-Amerika Australië & Oseanië

Hoe groot is dit?

Hoe lank is dit?

so lank soos 4 huiskatte neus tot stertso lank soos 11 piesangs punt aan puntkan 100 meter in 90 sekondes aflê (die vinnigste mens het 9,6 nodig)

Hoe groot is South American rattlesnake in vergelyking met JOU?

Net wiskunde in jou blaaier. Niks word gestoor of enige plek heen gestuur nie.

Hoe vinnig is dit?

'n Skilpad omtrent 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

South American rattlesnake omtrent 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

'n Mens wat loop omtrent 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

die moeite werd om te weet

Feite

The lethal dose for a 60 kg human is possibly 18 mg, while a snake's venom yield is 20 to 100 mg.1

Crotoxin, a neurotoxin, makes up about 48.5% to 89.4% of the venom proteins in one subspecies, though it is typically 60% to 70%.1

It is the most widely distributed member of its genus, and seven subspecies are currently recognised.1

It is more active at dusk and in the early hours of the morning.1

Males compete for access to females from the end of summer, with mating in autumn and the young born the following spring or summer.1

Mite-breker

Mite: Yellow venom means the bite damages blood and tissue, and white venom means it attacks the nerves.

Waarheid: Venom colour does not determine the type. Colour depends on pigments in the venom, not on whether it is haemorrhagic or neurotoxic.1

Vir gifkenners

Wetenskaplike naam: Crotalus durissus
Groep: Ratelslange
Familie: Viperidae2
Orde: Squamata
Kontinente: Suid-Amerika
Babas: It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous), usually four to eight at a time. In Roraima, Brazil, gestation has been reported to last five months, with up to 14 young.1
Gevaar vir mense: 4 / 5: Baie gevaarlik3

Waar die feite vandaan kom

Crotalus durissus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Crotalus durissus (iNaturalist): name en klassifikasie.
Venom Wiki: die gevaarvlak, die tipiese grootte en die spoedskatting is ons eie. Kyk hoe ons dit uitwerk: Hoe ons gevaar gradeer.

Elke feit op hierdie bladsy het 'n nommer wat na sy bron wys. As ons iets verkeerd het, jammer, ons is dierfanatici, nie 'n wetenskaplike joernaal nie. Laat weet ons by [email protected] en ons maak dit reg.

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