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Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa

ስለ ስሙ፦ The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1

ሐኪም ያስፈልገዋልአልፎ አልፎ ነው የሚገድለው፣ ግን ንክሻው ሐኪም ያስፈልገዋል።

ሸረሪቶች

ንክሻዎችምግቡ፦ ስጋ

ለሰዎች ያለው አደጋ: ከባድንክሻው ሐኪም ያስፈልገዋል። ሞት በጣም አልፎ አልፎ ነው።

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

የሚኖረው

Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1

ሰሜን አሜሪካ

መነሻ

Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1

ርዝመት

ከ6 mm እስከ 2 cm (ከ0.2 in እስከ 0.8 in)1

ከፍተኛ ፍጥነት

በሰዓት 0.8 ኪ.ሜ ገደማ (0.5 ማይል በሰዓት)

በየብስ ላይ, ግምት

ምን ይበላል?

Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1

የBrown recluse ፎቶ — Brown recluse። ፎቶ፦ Rosa Pineda። CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

እንዴት እንደምታውቀው

A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

ብዙ ጊዜ የሚምታታበት፦ The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

የመርዝ ኃይል

ንክሻዎች

ሲነክስ መርዙ በክራንቻዎቹ ወይም በጥርሶቹ በኩል ይወጣል።

መርዙ (ሲነክስ ወይም ሲነድፍ) ምን ያደርጋል?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

ለሰዎች ምን ያህል አደገኛ ነው?

ለሰዎች ያለው አደጋ: ከባድንክሻው ሐኪም ያስፈልገዋል። ሞት በጣም አልፎ አልፎ ነው።

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

ሲፈራ ምን ያደርጋል?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

ቢነክስ

ንክሻውን እጠብ እና ለሕመሙ የበረዶ ከረጢት አድርግበት። ሕመሙ ኃይለኛ ከሆነ፣ ከተሰራጨ ወይም ሰውየው ጤና ካልተሰማው የሕክምና እርዳታ አግኝ።

ሁልጊዜ መጀመሪያ የአደጋ ጊዜ ቁጥርህን ደውል (112፣ 000፣ 911)። ይህ አጠቃላይ የመጀመሪያ እርዳታ መመሪያ ነው፣ የሕክምና ምክር አይደለም። የመጀመሪያ እርዳታ መሠረታዊ ነገሮች

ደህንነትህን ጠብቅ

የዱር እንስሳን በፍጹም አትንካ፣ አትያዝ ወይም አታበሳጭ፣ ትንሽ ቢሆንም፣ ተኝቶ ወይም ሞቶ ቢመስልም።
ቦታ ስጠው። ካገኘኸው ተረጋጋ፣ ቀስ ብለህ ወደ ኋላ ተመለስ እና በራሱ መንገድ እንዲሄድ ተወው።
አንዱ ቢነክስህ፦ ተረጋጋ፣ ሳትንቀሳቀስ ቆይ፣ የአደጋ ጊዜ ቁጥርህን (112፣ 000፣ 911) ደውል ወይም በፍጥነት ወደ ሆስፒታል ሂድ። ምን እንደሚመስል አስታውስ፣ ፎቶ ይረዳል።

አንተን ለማጥቃት እየፈለገ አይደለም። መርዙን የሚጠቀመው ምግብ ለመያዝ ወይም ራሱን ለመከላከል ነው፣ እና መደበቅን በጣም ይመርጣል። ስለ ደህንነት ተጨማሪ

በዓለም ላይ የት?

አፍሪካ እስያ አውሮፓ ሰሜን አሜሪካ ደቡብ አሜሪካ አውስትራሊያ እና ኦሺኒያ

ምን ያህል ትልቅ ነው?

ርዝመቱ ምን ያህል ነው?

እንደ ወረቀት ማያያዣ ያህል ይረዝማል

Brown recluse ከአንተ ጋር ሲነጻጸር ምን ያህል ትልቅ ነው?

በአሳሽህ ውስጥ የሚሠራ ሂሳብ ብቻ ነው። ምንም ነገር አይቀመጥም ወይም ወደ የትም አይላክም።

ምን ያህል ፈጣን ነው?

ኤሊ በሰዓት 0.3 ኪ.ሜ ገደማ (0.19 mph)

Brown recluse በሰዓት 0.8 ኪ.ሜ ገደማ (0.5 mph)

የሚራመድ ሰው በሰዓት 5 ኪ.ሜ ገደማ (3.1 mph)

ማወቅ የሚገባ

እውነታዎች

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

ተረት አፍራሽ

ተረት፦ Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

እውነት፦ The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

ለመርዝ ባለሙያዎች

ሳይንሳዊ ስም: Loxosceles reclusa
ቡድን: ሸረሪቶች
ቤተሰብ: Sicariidae2
ቅደም ተከተል: Araneae
አህጉራት: ሰሜን አሜሪካ
ሕፃናት: Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
ለሰዎች ያለው አደጋ: 3 / 5: ከባድ3

እውነታዎቹ ከየት ይመጣሉ

Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): ስሞች እና ምደባ።
Venom Wiki: የአደጋ ደረጃው፣ የተለመደው መጠን እና የፍጥነት ግምቱ የራሳችን ናቸው። እንዴት እንደምናሰላቸው እይ፦ አደጋን እንዴት እንደምንለካ.

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