Brazilian yellow scorpion

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Its venom contains an excitatory neurotoxin, which attacks the nerves that control involuntary body functions and releases adrenaline and related chemicals. Mild cases cause mainly localised pain, while more serious cases can bring fever, sweating, tremors, vomiting, agitation, a fast heartbeat and inflammation of the pancreas. Deaths can occur within 1 to 6 hours, or 12 to 14 hours, depending on age, health and the amount of venom injected.1

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It is responsible for more medically significant accidents than any other scorpion in Brazil, and most of the country's fatal scorpion cases. Mortality rates are 1.0 to 2.0% among children and elderly people. In a nationwide study from 2000 to 2012, Brazil recorded 482,616 scorpion accidents and 728 deaths, and this species was believed to cause most of those deaths.1

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It uses its tail barb to deliver defensive strikes.1