Red-bellied black snake

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Its venom contains neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, myotoxins, which damage muscle, and coagulants, which affect blood clotting. It also has haemolytic properties, meaning it can break down red blood cells. Bites can cause severe pain, local swelling, prolonged bleeding and local tissue death, especially on a finger. Victims can also lose their sense of smell, and nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea or heavy sweating can follow.1

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No deaths have been recorded from its bite. It is less venomous than many other Australian elapid snakes, but it can still cause significant illness. It accounted for 16% of identified snakebite victims in Australia between 2005 and 2015. Severe local reactions may need surgery or, rarely, amputation.1

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It is not aggressive and usually withdraws. If provoked, it raises its head and front body into a striking stance, widens and flattens its neck, and may bite as a last resort.1