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Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa
Sobre el nom: The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1
Cal anar al metgeRarament mortal, però una mossegada necessita un metge.
Aranyes MossegadesMenja: Carn
Perill per a les persones: GreuUna mossegada necessita un metge. Les morts són molt rares.

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

Viu a
Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1
Amèrica del Nord
Inici
Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1
Llargada
de 6 mm a 2 cm (de 0,2 in a 0,8 in)1
Velocitat màxima
uns 0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)
A terra, estimació aproximada
Què menja?
Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1
De debò!Foto de Brown recluse
Brown recluse. Foto: Rosa Pineda. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Com reconèixer-lo

  • A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
  • Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
  • Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
  • No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
  • Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

Sovint es confon amb: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

Poder del verí

Mossegades

El verí surt pels ullals o les dents quan mossega.

Què fa el seu verí?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

Com de perillós és per a les persones?

Perill per a les persones: GreuUna mossegada necessita un metge. Les morts són molt rares.

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

Què fa quan té por?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

Si mossega

  • Renta la mossegada i posa-hi gel per al dolor. Busca ajuda mèdica si el dolor és fort, s'estén o la persona es troba malament.

Truca sempre primer al número d'emergències (112, 000, 911). Això són pautes generals de primers auxilis, no consells mèdics. Primers auxilis bàsics

Estigues segur

  • No toquis, atrapis ni molestis mai un animal salvatge, encara que sigui petit i encara que sembli adormit o mort.
  • Deixa-li espai. Si en trobes un, mantén la calma, recula a poc a poc i deixa que segueixi el seu camí.
  • Si te'n mossega un: mantén la calma, no et moguis, truca al número d'emergències (112, 000, 911) o ves de pressa a un hospital. Recorda com era, una foto ajuda.

No va a per tu. Fa servir el verí per caçar o per defensar-se, i prefereix mil vegades amagar-se. Més sobre com estar segur

On del món?

ÀfricaÀsiaEuropaAmèrica del NordAmèrica del SudAustràlia i Oceania

Que gran és?

Quant fa de llarg?

Brown recluse uns 2 cm de llarg (0,8 in)Un gra d'arròs uns 7 mm (0,3 in)Una moneda d'1 euro uns 2,3 cm (0,9 in)
més o menys el que fa de llarg un clip

Que gran és Brown recluse comparat amb TU?

Només càlculs al teu navegador. No es desa ni s'envia res enlloc.

Com de ràpid va?

val la pena saber-ho

Dades

1

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

2

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

3

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

4

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

5

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

Desmuntamites

Mite: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

Veritat: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

Per a experts en verins

Nom científic
Loxosceles reclusa
Grup
Aranyes
Família
Sicariidae2
Ordre
Araneae
Continents
Amèrica del Nord
Cries
Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
Perill per a les persones
3 / 5: Greu3

D'on surten les dades

  1. Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): noms i classificació.
  3. Venom Wiki: el nivell de perill, la mida típica i la velocitat estimada són nostres. Mira com els calculem: Com valorem el perill.

Cada dada d'aquesta pàgina té un número que porta a la seva font. Si ens hem equivocat en alguna cosa, perdona, som fans dels animals, no una revista científica. Escriu-nos a [email protected] i ho arreglarem.

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