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Brown recluse
BidThe brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1
Sådan genkender du det
- A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
- Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
- Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
- No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
- Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1
Forveksles ofte med: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1
Giftkraft
Giften kommer ud gennem gifttænderne eller tænderne, når det bider.
Hvad gør dets gift, når det bider eller stikker?
The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1
Hvor farligt er det for mennesker?
Fare for mennesker: AlvorligEt bid skal ses af en læge. Dødsfald er meget sjældne.Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1
Hvad gør det, når det er bange?
When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1
Hvis det bider
- Vask biddet, og læg en ispose på mod smerterne. Få lægehjælp, hvis smerterne er stærke, breder sig, eller personen har det dårligt.
Ring altid først til dit alarmnummer (112, 000, 911). Dette er generel førstehjælpsvejledning, ikke lægelig rådgivning. Grundlæggende førstehjælp
Pas på dig selv
- Rør aldrig ved, fang eller dril et vildt dyr, heller ikke et lille et, og heller ikke hvis det ser ud til at sove eller være dødt.
- Giv det plads. Hvis du møder et, så bliv rolig, træd langsomt tilbage, og lad det gå sin egen vej.
- Hvis et bider dig: Bevar roen, hold dig i ro, ring til dit alarmnummer (112, 000, 911), eller kom hurtigt på hospitalet. Husk, hvordan det så ud, et billede hjælper.
Det er ikke ude efter dig. Det bruger sin gift til at fange føde eller beskytte sig selv, og det gemmer sig meget hellere. Mere om sikkerhed
Hvor stort er det?
Hvor langt er det?
cirka lige så lang som en papirclipsHvor stor er Brown recluse i forhold til DIG?
Bare matematik i din browser. Intet bliver gemt eller sendt nogen steder hen.
Hvor hurtigt er det?
Fakta
One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1
In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1
When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1
Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1
Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1
Myteknuser
Myte: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.
Sandhed: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1
For gifteksperter
- Videnskabeligt navn
- Loxosceles reclusa
- Gruppe
- Edderkopper
- Familie
- Sicariidae2
- Orden
- Araneae
- Kontinenter
- Nordamerika
- Unger
- Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
- Fare for mennesker
- 3 / 5: Alvorlig3
Hvor fakta kommer fra
- Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
- Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): navne og klassifikation.
- Venom Wiki: fareniveauet, den typiske størrelse og hastighedsgættet er vores egne. Se, hvordan vi regner dem ud: Sådan vurderer vi faren.
Hvert faktum på denne side har et nummer, der peger på kilden. Hvis vi har taget fejl, så undskyld, vi er dyrefans, ikke et videnskabeligt tidsskrift. Skriv til os på [email protected], så retter vi det.
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Southern black widow
Northern black widow
Western black widow
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Golden silk orb-weaver
Central American wandering spider
Terciopelo
Eastern coral snake
Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
Eyelash viper
Timber rattlesnake
Western diamondback rattlesnake