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Indian red scorpion

Hottentotta tamulus
Om navnet: The species name tamulus is thought to come from the Tamil people of southeastern India, where the scorpion occurs.1
DødeligEt af de mest dødelige dyr på Jorden. Hvis det stikker dig, så ring straks efter hjælp.Hurtig hjælp og modgift (antiserum) redder de fleste. Ring straks til dit alarmnummer.
Skorpioner StikSpiser: Kød
Fare for mennesker: DødeligEt af de farligste dyr i verden.

The Indian red scorpion is a small, venomous scorpion found across most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal and, more recently, Sri Lanka. It often lives close to people, so its sting is a serious concern in busy rural areas, especially for children.1

Lever i
Most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal, and recently recorded in Sri Lanka1
Asien
Forside
It lives in vegetated lowlands with a humid subtropical to tropical climate, and often lives close to or inside human homes, especially in rural areas. It is found in scrubland, cropland, mango orchards, Eucalyptus plantations and under tree bark. People mostly meet it at night or in the early morning, when it crawls into beds or falls from ceilings.1
Længde
5 cm til 9 cm (2 in til 3,5 in)1
Tophastighed
cirka 1,6 km/t (0,99 mph)
På land, groft gæt
Hvad spiser det?
It is nocturnal and hunts small invertebrates, and sometimes small vertebrates such as lizards.1
Helt ærligt!Foto af Indian red scorpion
Indian red scorpion. Foto: Shantanu Kuveskar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Sådan genkender du det

  • Its walking legs and the tips of its pincers are bright orange-yellow to light reddish-brown.1
  • Its body is about 5 to 9 cm long (50 to 90 mm).1
  • It has three distinct ridges (carinae) on the top of its body segments.1
  • It has rather small pincers, a moderately thick tail and a rounded tail tip with a large stinger.1
  • In males, the base of the pincers is slightly more swollen than in females.1

Forveksles ofte med: Under tree bark, its close relative Hottentotta pachyurus is far more common, making up about 91% of scorpions found there in one study in Pune, western India. Scorpions found under bark in that area are therefore more likely to be that species.1

Giftkraft

Stik

Giften kommer ud gennem en brod.

Hvad gør dets gift, når det bider eller stikker?

The venom is a complex mixture of proteins, including a toxin called tamapin. It mainly affects the heart and lungs, causing symptoms such as severe local pain, vomiting, sweating, unconsciousness, muscle convulsions, breathlessness, abnormal heart rhythms, shock and pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs), which may cause death.1

Hvor farligt er det for mennesker?

Fare for mennesker: DødeligEt af de farligste dyr i verden.

It is of great medical significance in densely populated areas of India and Nepal and occasionally causes human deaths. Clinical studies report fatality rates of 8 to 40%, and most victims are children. In Sri Lanka, 12 children in Jaffna died from its stings in 2011, and 80 patients were recorded in 2012.1

Gode nyheder: Lægerne har en medicin (modgift) eller en behandling mod det.1

Hvis det stikker

  • Antivenin is the specific treatment, combined with supportive care such as vasodilators for heart effects and benzodiazepines for muscle effects. Scorpion antivenom has shown little effect in clinical treatment, while the drug prazosin, which lowers raised blood pressure, is usually recommended and reduces the mortality rate to less than 4%. Get to a hospital fast.1
  • Køl stikket med en ispose, og hold personen i ro. Få hurtigt lægehjælp, især til børn: Nogle skorpioner er dødelige for børn.

Ring altid først til dit alarmnummer (112, 000, 911). Dette er generel førstehjælpsvejledning, ikke lægelig rådgivning. Grundlæggende førstehjælp

Pas på dig selv

  • Rør aldrig ved, fang eller dril et vildt dyr, heller ikke et lille et, og heller ikke hvis det ser ud til at sove eller være dødt.
  • Giv det plads. Hvis du møder et, så bliv rolig, træd langsomt tilbage, og lad det gå sin egen vej.
  • Hvis et stikker dig: Bevar roen, hold dig i ro, ring til dit alarmnummer (112, 000, 911), eller kom hurtigt på hospitalet. Husk, hvordan det så ud, et billede hjælper.

Det er ikke ude efter dig. Det bruger sin gift til at fange føde eller beskytte sig selv, og det gemmer sig meget hellere. Mere om sikkerhed

Hvor stort er det?

Hvor langt er det?

Indian red scorpion cirka 9 cm lang (3,5 in)En papirclips cirka 3 cm (1,2 in)En smartphone cirka 15 cm (5,9 in)
lige så lang som 3 byggeklodser på rækkekunne løbe 100 meter på 220 sekunder (det hurtigste menneske skal bruge 9,6)

Hvor stor er Indian red scorpion i forhold til DIG?

Bare matematik i din browser. Intet bliver gemt eller sendt nogen steder hen.

Hvor hurtigt er det?

værd at vide

Fakta

1

Most of its victims are children, and clinical studies report fatality rates of 8 to 40%.1

2

It often comes indoors, where it may crawl into beds or fall from ceilings at night.1

3

Its venom affects the heart and lungs more than the nerves, which is why its symptoms can become life-threatening.1

4

Prazosin, a drug used to lower blood pressure, reduces its mortality rate to less than 4%.1

5

It was not originally found in Sri Lanka, but studies from 2010 to 2013 showed it is now present there.1

Myteknuser

Myte: Five different subspecies of the Indian red scorpion exist.

Sandhed: R.I. Pocock described five groups in 1900, but these are colour variants (colour morphs), not true subspecies.1

For gifteksperter

Videnskabeligt navn
Hottentotta tamulus
Gruppe
Skorpioner
Familie
Buthidae2
Orden
Scorpiones
Kontinenter
Asien
Fare for mennesker
5 / 5: Dødelig3

Hvor fakta kommer fra

  1. Hottentotta tamulus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Hottentotta tamulus (iNaturalist): navne og klassifikation.
  3. Venom Wiki: fareniveauet, den typiske størrelse og hastighedsgættet er vores egne. Se, hvordan vi regner dem ud: Sådan vurderer vi faren.

Hvert faktum på denne side har et nummer, der peger på kilden. Hvis vi har taget fejl, så undskyld, vi er dyrefans, ikke et videnskabeligt tidsskrift. Skriv til os på [email protected], så retter vi det.

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Lever også i: Asien

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