Venom Wiki / Dukkan halittu / Pit vipers

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Mamushi

Gloydius blomhoffii

Game da sunan: The specific name blomhoffii honours Jan Cock Blomhoff, who was director of the Dutch trading colony in Nagasaki, Japan, from 1817 to 1824.1

Na iya kisaNa iya kashe ka idan ba a yi magani ba. Idan ya ciji ka, ka nemi taimako da sauri.

Pit vipers

CizoAbinci: Nama

Haɗari ga mutane: Mai haɗari sosaiYana iya kashe mutumin da bai samu magani ba.

The mamushi is a pit viper, a type of snake that has heat-sensing pits between its eyes and nostrils. It lives in Japan, in places such as swamps, meadows and farmland. It matters because its bite is one of the most dangerous of Japan's snakes.1

Yana zaune a

Japan only. There is no evidence it occurs in the Ryukyu Islands.1

Asiya

Gida

It lives in swamps, marshes, meadows, open woodland, rocky hillsides and montane rock outcroppings. It is often found in and around farmland because rodents are common there.1

Tsawo

45 cm zuwa 81 cm (1.5 ft zuwa 2.7 ft)1

Mafi girman sauri

kusan 3.3 km/h (2.1 mph)

A kan tudu, ƙiyasi

Me yake ci?

It is an ambush predator. It waits hidden in vegetation or leaf litter, then eats mainly rodents, along with small birds, lizards and insects.1

Hoton Mamushi — Mamushi. Hoto: Alpsdake. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Yadda za ka gane shi

Background colour is pale grey, reddish-brown or yellow-brown.1
A series of irregular blotches runs along the body. Each blotch has a black border and often a lighter centre.1
The head is dark brown or black, with beige or pale-grey sides.1
Adults are typically 45 to 81 cm long.1
It has excellent camouflage and often hides among plants or leaf litter.1

Ana yawan rikita shi da: It is similar to the cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon) of the Americas, and it was long considered part of the same group.1

Ƙarfin dafi

Cizo

Dafi yana fitowa ta haƙoransa na dafi ko haƙoransa idan ya ciza.

Me dafinsa yake yi?

Its venom is mostly haemolytic, meaning it breaks down red blood cells. It also contains two neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and an anticoagulant, which stops blood from clotting. Reported effects include kidney failure, visual disturbances and palsy (paralysis).1

Yaya haɗarinsa yake ga mutane?

Haɗari ga mutane: Mai haɗari sosaiYana iya kashe mutumin da bai samu magani ba.

About 2000 to 3000 people in Japan are bitten by a mamushi each year. Approximately 10 die annually. Severe bites require intensive care, and typical bite victims need about one week of hospital treatment.1

Labari mai daɗi: likitoci suna da magani (antivenom) ko jinya don wannan.1

Idan ya ciji

Treatment is given in hospital. It involves cutting the wound to remove venom and injecting mamushi antivenom. Pregnant women who are bitten have had miscarriages, so medical care is essential.1
Ka sa mutumin ya zauna ba motsi kuma ya natsu, ka ajiye gaɓar da aka ciza a daidai matakin zuciya, ka cire zobba da abubuwa masu matsi, kuma ku je asibiti da sauri.

Kullum ka fara kiran lambar gaggawa (112, 000, 911). Wannan jagorar agajin gaggawa ce ta gaba ɗaya, ba shawarar likita ba. Muhimman abubuwan agajin gaggawa

Kiyaye lafiya

Kada ka taɓa, kada ka kama, kada ka tsokani dabbar daji, ko da ƙarama ce, kuma ko da tana kama da tana barci ko ta mutu.
Ka ba shi sarari. Idan ka haɗu da ɗaya, ka natsu, ka koma baya a hankali kuma ka bar shi ya bi hanyarsa.
Idan ɗaya ya ciji ka: ka natsu, ka zauna ba motsi, ka kira lambar gaggawarka (112, 000, 911) ko ka je asibiti da sauri. Ka tuna yadda yake, hoto yana taimakawa.

Ba ya neman cutar da kai. Yana amfani da dafinsa don kama abinci ko don kare kansa, kuma ya fi son ya ɓuya. Ƙarin bayani game da kiyaye lafiya

A ina a duniya?

Afirka Asiya Turai Arewacin Amurka Kudancin Amurka Ostareliya da Oceania

Yaya girmansa yake?

Yaya tsawonsa yake?

tsawon kyanwoyin gida 1.5 daga hanci zuwa wutsiyatsawon ayaba 5 a jerezai iya gudun mita 100 cikin daƙiƙa 110 (mutum mafi sauri yana buƙatar 9,6)

Yaya girman Mamushi yake idan aka kwatanta da KAI?

Lissafi ne kawai a cikin burauzarka. Ba a adana komai ko a aika ko'ina.

Yaya saurinsa yake?

Kunkuru kusan 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

Mamushi kusan 3.3 km/h (2.1 mph)

Mutum yana tafiya kusan 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

abin da ya kamata a sani

Bayanai

Recovery takes a long time. Bite victims may need several months to fully recover, even after hospital treatment and weeks of follow-up care.1

It is highly resistant to its own venom because its blood contains neutralising factors, including phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors.1

Its beta-toxin acts before the nerve junction, so anticholinesterase drugs cannot block or treat its effects.1

Its venom contains a peptide called ablomin, which is very similar in amino acid sequence to helothermine, a venom peptide of the Mexican beaded lizard.1

It is considered one of the most venomous snakes in Japan, along with the yamakagashi and the Okinawan habu.1

Its venom varies very little across Japan in either potency or effects.1

Don ƙwararru a kan dafi

Sunan kimiyya: Gloydius blomhoffii
Rukuni: Pit vipers
Iyali: Viperidae2
Tsari: Squamata
Nahiyoyi: Asiya
Haɗari ga mutane: 4 / 5: Mai haɗari sosai3

Inda bayanan suka fito

Mamushi (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Gloydius blomhoffii (iNaturalist): sunaye da rarrabuwa.
Venom Wiki: matakin haɗari, girman al'ada da ƙiyasin sauri namu ne. Ga yadda muke lissafa su: Yadda muke auna haɗari.

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