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Colorado River toad

Incilius alvarius

Treba liječnikaNe dirajRijetko smrtonosno, ali ako ga netko dotakne ili pojede, treba ići liječniku.

Otrovne žabe, krastače i vodenjaci

Otrov u kožiJede: MesoOtrovno na dodir ili za jelo, ne ugrizom ili ubodom

Opasnost za ljude: OzbiljnoAko ga netko dotakne ili pojede, treba ići liječniku. Smrtni slučajevi su vrlo rijetki.

The Colorado River toad is a large toad of the deserts of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is famous for the toxic, mind-altering secretions it releases from glands in its skin when threatened. These secretions can be deadly if swallowed, so it should be left alone.1

Otrovno na dodir ili ugrizom? Životinje otrovne ugrizom ili ubodom ubrizgavaju otrov kad ugrizu ili ubodu. Životinje otrovne na dodir ili za jelo štetne su kad ih dotakneš ili pojedeš. Ova je otrovna na dodir ili za jelo.

Živi u

Northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua) and the southwestern United States, including Arizona and New Mexico1

Sjeverna Amerika

Početna

It lives in desert and semi-arid areas and is semiaquatic. People may find it in streams, near springs, in canals, drainage ditches and under water troughs. It often lives in rodent burrows and is active at night.1

Duljina

19 cm (7,5 in)1

Najveća brzina

oko 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Na kopnu, gruba procjena

Što jede?

It is an active forager that feeds on invertebrates, lizards, small mammals and amphibians.1

Fotografija: Colorado River toad — Colorado River toad. Fotografija: Wildfeuer. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako ga prepoznati

Olive green or mottled brown colour1
Smooth, leathery skin1
A large golden eye with a horizontal pupil, with a bulging kidney-shaped gland just behind it1
A large circular pale green ear drum area below that gland1
A weak, low-pitched call described as a toot lasting less than a second1

Snaga otrova

Otrov u koži

Koža mu je otrovna. Opasno ga je dirati, lizati ili jesti.

Što radi njegov otrov ako ga dotakneš ili pojedeš?

The toad releases poison from glands in its skin, including the large parotoid glands behind the eyes. The poison contains psychoactive compounds, including 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin, which affect the brain. It also contains digoxin-like cardiac glycosides, which act on the heart, and ingesting the poison can be fatal. In one reported case, a young woman who drank a tea made from toad preparation began vomiting and had difficulty breathing soon after, and died about two and a half hours later.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: OzbiljnoAko ga netko dotakne ili pojede, treba ići liječniku. Smrtni slučajevi su vrlo rijetki.

The poison is potent enough to kill a grown dog, and dogs that attack toads have been paralysed or killed. Several cases of human poisoning from swallowing toad secretions or eggs have been reported, and at least one death from the ch'an su preparation has been recorded. The toad has also been linked to poisoning and at least one death from the use of related toad preparations as street drugs.1

Što radi kad se uplaši?

When threatened, it releases toxins from glands in its skin.1

Ako ga je netko dotaknuo ili pojeo

Ako ga je netko dotaknuo: dobro operi ruke i ne diraj oči ni usta. Ako ga je dijete ili kućni ljubimac polizao ili pojeo: nazovi centar za otrovanja ili broj za hitne slučajeve.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
Ako ga dotakneš ili pojedeš: ne trljaj oči ni usta, operi ruke i potraži liječničku pomoć.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Njegov otrov služi samo tome da ga nitko ne pojede. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

Afrika Azija Europa Sjeverna Amerika Južna Amerika Australija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

dugo kao 6 kockica za slaganje u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 180 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je Colorado River toad velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

Kornjača oko 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Colorado River toad oko 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Osoba koja hoda oko 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

It is the only toad species in which bufotenin is present in large enough amounts to have a psychoactive effect.1

Raccoons have learned to pull a toad away from water by its back leg, turn it over and feed on its belly, which keeps them away from the poison glands.1

Unlike most vertebrates, it gets most of its water by absorbing it across its belly through a special area of skin called the seat patch.1

A female can lay up to 8,000 eggs.1

It is the largest toad in the United States, apart from the non-native cane toad.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: Licking or smoking the toad's secretions is a safe way to get high or to treat illness.

Istina: Swallowing the secretions has caused poisonings and deaths. Claims about its therapeutic use are unverified, and the US National Park Service has warned people not to handle or lick the toad.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv: Incilius alvarius
Skupina: Otrovne žabe, krastače i vodenjaci
Obitelj: Bufonidae2
Redoslijed: Anura
Kontinenti: Sjeverna Amerika
Mladunci: Females lay eggs in ponds, slow-moving streams, temporary pools or man-made structures that hold water, and can lay up to 8,000 eggs in a long tube of jelly.1
Kako mu ide u divljini: Listed as threatened in New Mexico and California. A June 2025 study found that persistent trapping in Mexico has decimated several populations and put the species at risk of extinction.1
Opasnost za ljude: 3 / 5: Ozbiljno3

Odakle su činjenice

Colorado River toad (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Incilius alvarius (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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