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Indian red scorpion

Hottentotta tamulus

O imenu: The species name tamulus is thought to come from the Tamil people of southeastern India, where the scorpion occurs.1

SmrtonosnoJedna od najsmrtonosnijih životinja na Zemlji. Ako te ubode, odmah pozovi pomoć.Brza pomoć i protuotrov spašavaju većinu ljudi. Odmah nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve.

Škorpioni

UbodiJede: Meso

Opasnost za ljude: SmrtonosnoJedna od najopasnijih životinja na svijetu.

The Indian red scorpion is a small, venomous scorpion found across most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal and, more recently, Sri Lanka. It often lives close to people, so its sting is a serious concern in busy rural areas, especially for children.1

Živi u

Most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal, and recently recorded in Sri Lanka1

Azija

Početna

It lives in vegetated lowlands with a humid subtropical to tropical climate, and often lives close to or inside human homes, especially in rural areas. It is found in scrubland, cropland, mango orchards, Eucalyptus plantations and under tree bark. People mostly meet it at night or in the early morning, when it crawls into beds or falls from ceilings.1

Duljina

od 5 cm do 9 cm (od 2 in do 3,5 in)1

Najveća brzina

oko 1,6 km/h (0,99 mph)

Na kopnu, gruba procjena

Što jede?

It is nocturnal and hunts small invertebrates, and sometimes small vertebrates such as lizards.1

Fotografija: Indian red scorpion — Indian red scorpion. Fotografija: Shantanu Kuveskar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako ga prepoznati

Its walking legs and the tips of its pincers are bright orange-yellow to light reddish-brown.1
Its body is about 5 to 9 cm long (50 to 90 mm).1
It has three distinct ridges (carinae) on the top of its body segments.1
It has rather small pincers, a moderately thick tail and a rounded tail tip with a large stinger.1
In males, the base of the pincers is slightly more swollen than in females.1

Često se miješa s: Under tree bark, its close relative Hottentotta pachyurus is far more common, making up about 91% of scorpions found there in one study in Pune, western India. Scorpions found under bark in that area are therefore more likely to be that species.1

Otrovna snaga

Ubodi

Otrov izlazi kroz žalac.

Što radi njegov otrov kad ugrize ili ubode?

The venom is a complex mixture of proteins, including a toxin called tamapin. It mainly affects the heart and lungs, causing symptoms such as severe local pain, vomiting, sweating, unconsciousness, muscle convulsions, breathlessness, abnormal heart rhythms, shock and pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs), which may cause death.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: SmrtonosnoJedna od najopasnijih životinja na svijetu.

It is of great medical significance in densely populated areas of India and Nepal and occasionally causes human deaths. Clinical studies report fatality rates of 8 to 40%, and most victims are children. In Sri Lanka, 12 children in Jaffna died from its stings in 2011, and 80 patients were recorded in 2012.1

Dobre vijesti: liječnici za ovo imaju lijek (protuotrov) ili liječenje.1

Ako ubode

Antivenin is the specific treatment, combined with supportive care such as vasodilators for heart effects and benzodiazepines for muscle effects. Scorpion antivenom has shown little effect in clinical treatment, while the drug prazosin, which lowers raised blood pressure, is usually recommended and reduces the mortality rate to less than 4%. Get to a hospital fast.1
Ohladi ubod vrećicom leda i drži osobu mirnom. Brzo potraži liječničku pomoć, osobito za djecu: neki škorpioni su smrtonosni za djecu.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
Ako te neka ubode: ne paniči, miruj, nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911) ili brzo idi u bolnicu. Zapamti kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaže.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Otrov koristi za lov hrane ili za obranu i mnogo bi se radije sakrilo. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

Afrika Azija Europa Sjeverna Amerika Južna Amerika Australija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

dugo kao 3 kockica za slaganje u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 220 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je Indian red scorpion velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

Kornjača oko 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Indian red scorpion oko 1,6 km/h (0,99 mph)

Osoba koja hoda oko 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

Most of its victims are children, and clinical studies report fatality rates of 8 to 40%.1

It often comes indoors, where it may crawl into beds or fall from ceilings at night.1

Its venom affects the heart and lungs more than the nerves, which is why its symptoms can become life-threatening.1

Prazosin, a drug used to lower blood pressure, reduces its mortality rate to less than 4%.1

It was not originally found in Sri Lanka, but studies from 2010 to 2013 showed it is now present there.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: Five different subspecies of the Indian red scorpion exist.

Istina: R.I. Pocock described five groups in 1900, but these are colour variants (colour morphs), not true subspecies.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv: Hottentotta tamulus
Skupina: Škorpioni
Obitelj: Buthidae2
Redoslijed: Scorpiones
Kontinenti: Azija
Opasnost za ljude: 5 / 5: Smrtonosno3

Odakle su činjenice

Hottentotta tamulus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Hottentotta tamulus (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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