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Nose-horned viper

Vipera ammodytes

O imenu: The scientific name ammodytes comes from Greek words meaning 'sand' and 'burrower' or 'diver', even though it prefers rocky places rather than sand.1

Može ubitiBez liječenja te može ubiti. Ako te ugrize, brzo potraži pomoć.

Ljutice i riđovke

UgriziJede: Meso

Opasnost za ljude: Vrlo opasnoMože ubiti osobu koja ne dobije liječenje.

The nose-horned viper is a venomous snake with a small, soft horn on the tip of its snout. It lives on dry, rocky hillsides in northern Italy, the Balkans and parts of Asia Minor. It is often described as the most dangerous snake in Europe, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

Živi u

Northern Italy, the Balkans, Greece, Turkey, Georgia and Syria, with records in southern Austria, Romania and Bulgaria.1

Europa, Azija

Početna

It mainly lives on dry, rocky hillsides with sparse plants. It is sometimes found in woodland edges and clearings, and near people on railway embankments, farmland and vineyards where rubble piles and stone walls are present. At lower latitudes it may be found above 2000 m.1

Duljina

od 14 cm do 85 cm (od 5,5 in do 2,8 ft)1

Najveća brzina

oko 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)

Na kopnu, gruba procjena

Što jede?

Adults mainly eat small mammals and birds, and juveniles mostly eat lizards. Larger prey is struck, released, tracked and then swallowed, while smaller prey is swallowed without using the venom.1

Fotografija: Nose-horned viper — Nose-horned viper. Fotografija: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako ga prepoznati

A single small, soft and flexible horn on the snout, about 5 mm long.1
Males have a dark blotch or V-shaped marking on the back of the head and a thick black stripe running from behind the eye to the jaw.1
Males usually have a black tongue and a golden or coppery iris.1
Females are browner, with a less contrasting pattern and no dark blotch on the head.1
Both sexes have a dark zigzag stripe along the back, and the tail tip may be yellow, orange, red or green.1

Otrovna snaga

Ugrizi

Otrov izlazi kroz očnjake ili zube kad ugrize.

Što radi njegov otrov kad ugrize ili ubode?

The venom has both proteolytic (breaks down tissue) and neurotoxic (attacks the nerves) parts, and it contains blood-clotting agents. Bites cause pain, swelling and discolouration, which may start straight away, and there are also reports of dizziness and tingling. Humans respond rapidly to this venom.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: Vrlo opasnoMože ubiti osobu koja ne dobije liječenje.

It is likely the most dangerous snake found in Europe, and in some areas it is a significant medical risk. The venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available. It is generally lethargic and not aggressive, and it tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Dobre vijesti: liječnici za ovo imaju lijek (protuotrov) ili liječenje.1

Što radi kad se uplaši?

When surprised, some individuals stay still and hiss loudly, some hiss and then flee, and others try to bite immediately.1

Ako ugrize

Get to a hospital: the venom is rarely deadly when hospital care is available.1
Neka osoba miruje i bude smirena, drži ugriženi ud u visini srca, skini prstenje i sve što steže i brzo je odvedi u bolnicu.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
Ako te neka ugrize: ne paniči, miruj, nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911) ili brzo idi u bolnicu. Zapamti kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaže.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Otrov koristi za lov hrane ili za obranu i mnogo bi se radije sakrilo. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

Afrika Azija Europa Sjeverna Amerika Južna Amerika Australija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

dugo kao 1,5 kućnih mačaka od nosa do repadugo kao 5 banana poredanih u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 100 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je Nose-horned viper velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

Kornjača oko 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Nose-horned viper oko 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)

Osoba koja hoda oko 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

Its venom is used to make antivenin for the bites of other European vipers, and the snake is farmed for this purpose.1

Its horn is soft and flexible, not hard like a true horn.1

Before mating, males perform a combat dance, similar to that of adders.1

On one island, snakes were smaller than elsewhere, which suggests regional or island dwarfism.1

It hibernates for two to six months each year, depending on conditions.1

It is ovoviviparous, meaning the eggs hatch inside the mother, so the young are born alive.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: Because of its reputation, it is an aggressive snake that bites readily.

Istina: It is generally lethargic and not at all aggressive. It tends not to bite without considerable provocation.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv: Vipera ammodytes
Skupina: Ljutice i riđovke
Obitelj: Viperidae2
Redoslijed: Squamata
Kontinenti: Europa, Azija
Mladunci: It gives birth to live young, with one to twenty born in late summer or autumn (August to October). The young are 14 to 24 cm long at birth.1
Kako mu ide u divljini: Strictly protected (Appendix II) under the Berne Convention1
Opasnost za ljude: 4 / 5: Vrlo opasno3

Odakle su činjenice

Vipera ammodytes (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Vipera ammodytes (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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