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Pygmy copperhead

Austrelaps labialis

O imenu: "Copperhead" refers to the colour of the scales on its back and around its snout and eyes, and "pygmy" refers to its smaller size compared with its relatives.1

Treba liječnikaRijetko smrtonosno, ali ugriz treba pokazati liječniku.

Australske zmije

UgriziJede: Meso

Opasnost za ljude: OzbiljnoUgriz treba pokazati liječniku. Smrtni slučajevi su vrlo rijetki.

The pygmy copperhead is a small, venomous snake found only in South Australia, mainly on Kangaroo Island and in the Fleurieu Peninsula and Mount Lofty Ranges. It is the smallest of the Australian copperheads. Its venom is dangerous, so prompt medical treatment matters.1

Živi u

Endemic to South Australia: Kangaroo Island, Fleurieu Peninsula and Mount Lofty Ranges. Sightings on islands between mainland Australia and Tasmania.1

Australija i Oceanija

Početna

It lives in moist areas near streams, in swamps, marshland, and open sclerophyll woodland and forest, where average yearly rainfall is 600–800 mm. Sightings have also been made in the Adelaide Hills, and on islands near Tasmania, probably after accidentally stowing away on boats.1

Duljina

od 60 cm do 1,2 m (od 2 ft do 3,9 ft)1

Najveća brzina

oko 6,4 km/h (4 mph)

Na kopnu, gruba procjena

Što jede?

It eats smaller animals, most often small lizards, frogs and tadpoles. It feeds more often than the highland and lowland copperheads. Cannibalism has also been reported.1

Fotografija: Pygmy copperhead — Pygmy copperhead. Fotografija: unknown. CC0, iNaturalist.

Kako ga prepoznati

Dorsal scales are brown to grey, with a darker stripe along the spine.1
The belly is cream to light grey, with red along the edges that fades to a brown-grey underside.1
The lip scales are barred with dark colour.1
Adults average about 80 cm long, with males usually larger than females.1
Newborns often have paler backsides than adults.1

Često se miješa s: The highland and lowland copperheads are larger, and the pygmy copperhead is the smallest of the Australian copperheads. It is not closely related to the American copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix.1

Otrovna snaga

Ugrizi

Otrov izlazi kroz očnjake ili zube kad ugrize.

Što radi njegov otrov kad ugrize ili ubode?

The venom is strongly neurotoxic, which means it attacks the nerves, and its toxicity is similar to that of the Indian cobra. It is weakly coagulant and strongly anticoagulant, meaning it can both disrupt blood clotting and destroy blood and muscle. Without prompt treatment, a bite can cause possibly irreversible damage to nerve endings.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: OzbiljnoUgriz treba pokazati liječniku. Smrtni slučajevi su vrlo rijetki.

Bites are considered possibly lethal. The snake is not known for being aggressive and is unlikely to attack unless it is stepped on or purposely provoked.1

Dobre vijesti: liječnici za ovo imaju lijek (protuotrov) ili liječenje.1

Što radi kad se uplaši?

It is generally unobtrusive and usually hides under leaf litter, old iron and haystacks.1

Ako ugrize

Prompt antivenom treatment is essential, because bites are considered lethal without it. Antivenom developed from tiger snake venom cannot completely neutralise the neurotoxicity of pygmy copperhead venom.1
Imobilizacija pritiskom: čvrsto omotaj elastični zavoj preko ugriza, a zatim uz cijeli ud, stavi udlagu i drži osobu potpuno mirnom dok ne stigne pomoć.
Ne peri ugriz: u bolnici mogu ispitati otrov koji je ostao na koži kako bi odabrali pravi protuotrov.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
Ako te neka ugrize: ne paniči, miruj, nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911) ili brzo idi u bolnicu. Zapamti kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaže.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Otrov koristi za lov hrane ili za obranu i mnogo bi se radije sakrilo. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

Afrika Azija Europa Sjeverna Amerika Južna Amerika Australija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

dugo kao 2,5 kućnih mačaka od nosa do repadugo kao 7 banana poredanih u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 56 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je Pygmy copperhead velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

Osoba koja hoda oko 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Pygmy copperhead oko 6,4 km/h (4 mph)

Dijete na biciklu oko 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

Sightings on islands near Tasmania are probably the result of snakes stowing away on boats.1

It is the only snake endemic to South Australia.1

It is the smallest of the Australian copperhead snakes.1

Its litter size is about half that of the other Australian copperheads, which is linked to its smaller body size.1

In field research, only about two thirds of surveyed adult females were reproductive, which suggests females do not breed every year.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: Because it is small and not aggressive, the pygmy copperhead is harmless.

Istina: Its venom is strongly neurotoxic, and its bite is considered possibly lethal without prompt antivenom treatment.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv: Austrelaps labialis
Skupina: Australske zmije
Obitelj: Elapidae2
Redoslijed: Squamata
Kontinenti: Australija i Oceanija
Mladunci: It gives birth to live young, commonly seven per litter, with an average maximum of 20 in a single litter.1
Opasnost za ljude: 3 / 5: Ozbiljno3

Odakle su činjenice

Pygmy copperhead (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Austrelaps labialis (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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