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South American rattlesnake

Crotalus durissus

Može ubitiBez liječenja te može ubiti. Ako te ugrize, brzo potraži pomoć.

UgriziJede: Meso

Opasnost za ljude: Vrlo opasnoMože ubiti osobu koja ne dobije liječenje.

The South American rattlesnake is a large, highly venomous pit viper. It lives across much of South America, except the Andes Mountains, and also on some Caribbean islands. It is the most widely spread member of its genus, which is why it matters to people in so many places.1

Živi u

South America except the Andes, including Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay; also some Caribbean islands, including Aruba1

Južna Amerika

Početna

It prefers savanna and semi-arid areas, and is found in several types of scrub and seasonal forest. In the Chaco region of Paraguay, it lives in the drier, sandier areas.1

Duljina

1,9 m (6,2 ft)1

Najveća brzina

oko 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

Na kopnu, gruba procjena

Što jede?

It eats mainly rodents, which are abundant and available all year in most of its range. In some regions it also eats lizards of the Teiidae family.1

Fotografija: South American rattlesnake — South American rattlesnake. Fotografija: Leandro Avelar. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako ga prepoznati

Two distinct stripes start at the base of the head, and the colour between the lines is lighter than the stripes.1
Body colour and pattern vary, but most have 18 to 32 dark diamond or rhombic spots along the back.1
The head has a dark brown bar at the top and a dark band behind the eye.1
The tail is usually grey, with dark, faint crossed bands.1
The belly is white or yellowish with light grey spots, getting darker towards the tail.1

Otrovna snaga

Ugrizi

Otrov izlazi kroz očnjake ili zube kad ugrize.

Što radi njegov otrov kad ugrize ili ubode?

Its venom contains neurotoxins, which attack the nerves, and myotoxins, which damage muscle. These cause progressive paralysis, including impaired or lost vision, hearing problems, drooping eyelids and weakness in the neck muscles, which can become so limp that the head appears broken. Breathing can eventually be stopped by paralysis, and the muscle damage can cause dark urine.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: Vrlo opasnoMože ubiti osobu koja ne dobije liječenje.

It is a highly venomous snake. The mortality rate is 72% for bite cases without specific serum treatment, and 11% for cases with it. Acute kidney failure is considered the main cause of death.1

Dobre vijesti: liječnici za ovo imaju lijek (protuotrov) ili liječenje.1

Što radi kad se uplaši?

It is highly alert and gives little warning before it strikes, but it is seldom aggressive towards people.1

Ako ugrize

Specific serum treatment (antivenom) greatly lowers the death rate, so a bite needs urgent hospital care to give it.1
Neka osoba miruje i bude smirena, drži ugriženi ud u visini srca, skini prstenje i sve što steže i brzo je odvedi u bolnicu.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
Ako te neka ugrize: ne paniči, miruj, nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911) ili brzo idi u bolnicu. Zapamti kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaže.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Otrov koristi za lov hrane ili za obranu i mnogo bi se radije sakrilo. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

Afrika Azija Europa Sjeverna Amerika Južna Amerika Australija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

dugo kao 4 kućnih mačaka od nosa do repadugo kao 11 banana poredanih u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 90 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je South American rattlesnake velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

Kornjača oko 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

South American rattlesnake oko 4 km/h (2,5 mph)

Osoba koja hoda oko 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

The lethal dose for a 60 kg human is possibly 18 mg, while a snake's venom yield is 20 to 100 mg.1

Crotoxin, a neurotoxin, makes up about 48.5% to 89.4% of the venom proteins in one subspecies, though it is typically 60% to 70%.1

It is the most widely distributed member of its genus, and seven subspecies are currently recognised.1

It is more active at dusk and in the early hours of the morning.1

Males compete for access to females from the end of summer, with mating in autumn and the young born the following spring or summer.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: Yellow venom means the bite damages blood and tissue, and white venom means it attacks the nerves.

Istina: Venom colour does not determine the type. Colour depends on pigments in the venom, not on whether it is haemorrhagic or neurotoxic.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv: Crotalus durissus
Skupina: Zvečarke
Obitelj: Viperidae2
Redoslijed: Squamata
Kontinenti: Južna Amerika
Mladunci: It gives birth to live young (ovoviviparous), usually four to eight at a time. In Roraima, Brazil, gestation has been reported to last five months, with up to 14 young.1
Opasnost za ljude: 4 / 5: Vrlo opasno3

Odakle su činjenice

Crotalus durissus (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Crotalus durissus (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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