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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
O imenu: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
Treba liječnikaRijetko smrtonosno, ali ugriz treba pokazati liječniku.
Ljutice i riđovke UgriziJede: Meso
Opasnost za ljude: OzbiljnoUgriz treba pokazati liječniku. Smrtni slučajevi su vrlo rijetki.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Živi u
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
Azija
Početna
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Duljina
60 cm (2 ft)3
tipična veličina odrasle jedinke
Najveća brzina
oko 3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)
Na kopnu, gruba procjena
Što jede?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Stvarno!Fotografija: Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Fotografija: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako ga prepoznati

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Često se miješa s: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Otrovna snaga

Ugrizi

Otrov izlazi kroz očnjake ili zube kad ugrize.

Što radi njegov otrov kad ugrize ili ubode?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: OzbiljnoUgriz treba pokazati liječniku. Smrtni slučajevi su vrlo rijetki.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Ako ugrize

  • Neka osoba miruje i bude smirena, drži ugriženi ud u visini srca, skini prstenje i sve što steže i brzo je odvedi u bolnicu.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

  • Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
  • Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
  • Ako te neka ugrize: ne paniči, miruj, nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911) ili brzo idi u bolnicu. Zapamti kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaže.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Otrov koristi za lov hrane ili za obranu i mnogo bi se radije sakrilo. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

AfrikaAzijaEuropaSjeverna AmerikaJužna AmerikaAustralija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

Spider-tailed horned viper dugo oko 60 cm (2 ft)Kućna mačka oko 50 cm (1,6 ft)Pas oko 1 m (3,3 ft)
dugo kao 3 banana poredanih u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 110 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je Spider-tailed horned viper velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Istina: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Skupina
Ljutice i riđovke
Obitelj
Viperidae2
Redoslijed
Squamata
Kontinenti
Azija
Opasnost za ljude
3 / 5: Ozbiljno3

Odakle su činjenice

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
  3. Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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