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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Tentang namanya: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1
Perlu ke dokterJarang mematikan, tetapi gigitan perlu ke dokter.
Ular viper dan adder GigitanMakan: Daging
Bahaya bagi manusia: SeriusGigitan perlu ke dokter. Kematian sangat jarang.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Hidup di
Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1
Asia
Beranda
It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1
Panjang
60 cm (2 ft)3
ukuran dewasa umum
Kecepatan tertinggi
sekitar 3,4 km/jam (2,1 mph)
Di darat, perkiraan kasar
Apa makanannya?
It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1
Beneran!Foto Spider-tailed horned viper
Spider-tailed horned viper. Foto: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Cara mengenalinya

  • The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
  • About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
  • The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
  • The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
  • It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Sering tertukar dengan: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Kekuatan bisa

Gigitan

Bisanya keluar lewat taring atau gigi saat menggigit.

Apa efek bisanya?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Seberapa berbahaya bagi manusia?

Bahaya bagi manusia: SeriusGigitan perlu ke dokter. Kematian sangat jarang.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Jika ia menggigit

  • Jaga orangnya tetap diam dan tenang, posisikan anggota tubuh yang digigit setinggi jantung, lepaskan cincin dan benda yang ketat, lalu segera ke rumah sakit.

Selalu hubungi nomor darurat dulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan pertama umum, bukan nasihat medis. Dasar-dasar pertolongan pertama

Tetap aman

  • Jangan pernah menyentuh, menangkap, atau mengganggu hewan liar, walaupun kecil, dan walaupun tampak tidur atau mati.
  • Beri ia ruang. Jika bertemu, tetap tenang, mundur perlahan, dan biarkan ia pergi.
  • Jika ia menggigitmu: tetap tenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nomor darurat (112, 000, 911) atau segera ke rumah sakit. Ingat seperti apa rupanya, foto sangat membantu.

Ia tidak mengincarmu. Ia memakai bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia jauh lebih suka bersembunyi. Lebih lanjut tentang tetap aman

Di mana di dunia?

AfrikaAsiaEropaAmerika UtaraAmerika SelatanAustralia dan Oseania

Seberapa besar dia?

Seberapa panjang dia?

Spider-tailed horned viper panjangnya sekitar 60 cm (2 ft)Kucing peliharaan sekitar 50 cm (1,6 ft)Anjing sekitar 1 m (3,3 ft)
sepanjang 3 pisang yang dijajarkanbisa menempuh 100 meter dalam 110 detik (manusia tercepat butuh 9,6)

Seberapa besar Spider-tailed horned viper dibandingkan KAMU?

Hanya hitungan di browsermu. Tidak ada yang disimpan atau dikirim ke mana pun.

Seberapa cepat dia?

layak diketahui

Fakta

1

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

2

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

3

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

4

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

5

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

6

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Pembongkar mitos

Mitos: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Faktanya: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Untuk ahli bisa

Nama ilmiah
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Kelompok
Ular viper dan adder
Keluarga
Viperidae2
Urutan
Squamata
Benua
Asia
Bahaya bagi manusia
3 / 5: Serius3

Dari mana faktanya berasal

  1. Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): nama dan klasifikasi.
  3. Venom Wiki: tingkat bahaya, ukuran umum, dan perkiraan kecepatan adalah buatan kami. Lihat cara kami menghitungnya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

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