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European hornet

Vespa crabro

痛いだけ痛いけど、大きな害はないよ。

ミツバチ、アシナガバチ、スズメバチ

刺す食べもの：肉

人への危険: 痛いすごく痛いこともあるけど、深刻になることはほとんどないよ。

The European hornet is the largest wasp that lives in Europe. It is a true hornet, and it is the only one of its kind found in North America, where it was introduced from Europe. It is best known for its large paper nests and its striking reddish wings and striped abdomen.1

すんでいる場所

Eurasia, from Japan to the United Kingdom; introduced to North America and found as far south as Guatemala1

ヨーロッパ, アジア

ホーム

It prefers to nest in dark places, usually hollow tree trunks, and its paper nests are often hidden by a surrounding envelope. In autumn, it can be found hovering around garbage cans and picnic areas.1

長さ

2.5 cmから3.5 cm (1 inから1.4 in)1

体重

420 mgから540 mg (0 ozから0 oz)1

最高速度

時速約33 km（時速21マイル）

飛ぶ, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

It is largely carnivorous and hunts large insects such as beetles, wasps, large moths, dragonflies and mantises. It also feeds on fallen fruit and other sugary food.1

European hornetの写真 — European hornet。写真：katunchik。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

見分け方

Eyes deeply indented and shaped like a "C"1
Reddish-orange wings1
Abdomen striped with brown and yellow1
Workers average about 2.5 cm long; queens can reach about 3.5 cm1
Has hair on the thorax and abdomen, but is not as hairy as most bees1

よくまちがえられるのは： It is often mistaken for the Asian giant hornet because of its colours and abdomen pattern. The European hornet is significantly smaller than the Asian giant hornet, and it is larger than most common wasps, such as Vespula vulgaris.1

毒パワー

刺す

毒は針から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

Its venom contains neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, histamine and noradrenaline, along with enzymes, proteins such as melittin and bradykinin, and a neurotoxin called apamin, which attacks the nerves. In one documented case, a person developed tingling at the sting, headaches and shortness of breath, along with a fast, irregular heartbeat.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: 痛いすごく痛いこともあるけど、深刻になることはほとんどないよ。

Most stings do not need medical attention, but in rare cases they can be serious. In one documented case the victim needed hospital treatment, though that person may have been unusually sensitive to hornet and wasp stings.1

こわいとき、どうするの？

It stings when it is stepped on or grabbed and is defensive of its nest, and it may sting without warning when near its nest or food. When alarmed, it performs a dance outside the nest with loud buzzing, darting in and out, and attacking or approaching the target.1

刺されたら

Most stings do not require medical attention. In rare serious cases, hospital treatment is needed; in one documented case, electrical cardioversion or the drug propafenone were effective treatments for the heart reactions.1
ハチの針はかき出して、そこを冷やそう。
その人が息をするのが苦しい、顔やのどがはれている、または気が遠くなりそうなら、アレルギーの緊急事態だよ：救急番号に電話して、その人がアドレナリン自己注射薬（エピペンなど）を持っていたら使おう。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本

安全に過ごそう

野生の動物には、小さくても、ねているように見えても、死んでいるように見えても、ぜったいにさわったり、つかまえたり、からかったりしないこと。
近づかないで。出会ったら落ちついて、ゆっくりあとずさりして、そのまま行かせてあげよう。
刺されたら：落ちついて、じっとして、救急番号（112、000、911）に電話するか、急いで病院へ行こう。見た目をおぼえておいてね。写真があると役に立つよ。

きみをねらっているわけじゃないよ。毒はエサをとったり身を守ったりするために使うだけで、本当はかくれていたいんだ。安全に過ごすためにもっと知ろう

世界のどこ？

アフリカアジアヨーロッパ北アメリカ南アメリカオーストラリアとオセアニア

どれくらい大きい？

どれくらい長い？

どれくらい重い？

ゼムクリップより軽い

だいたいゼムクリップくらいの長さ手にのせても感じないくらい軽いサッカー場の端から端まで11秒で飛べる

European hornetは、きみとくらべてどれくらい大きい？

ブラウザで計算しているだけ。何も保存されないし、どこにも送られないよ。

どれくらい速い？

イエバエ 時速約7 km (4.4 mph)

European hornet 時速約33 km (21 mph)

全力で走る人 時速約37 km (23 mph)

知っておく価値あり

データ

It is known to steal prey from spiders. This was first documented in 2011, when one took a wrapped insect from a yellow garden spider's web.1

It is the largest eusocial wasp native to Europe.1

Only females have a stinger, because it is a modified egg-laying device. Males cannot sting.1

In Germany, killing a European hornet or destroying its nest has been illegal since 1 January 1987, with a fine of up to €50,000, though fines are rarely imposed.1

It is the only true hornet found in North America, where it was introduced from Europe as early as 1840.1

うそ・ほんとう

うそ： European hornets are aggressive and will attack people for no reason.

ほんとう： It generally avoids conflict. It stings mainly when it is stepped on or grabbed, or when its nest or food is threatened.1

毒のエキスパート向け

学名: Vespa crabro
グループ: ミツバチ、アシナガバチ、スズメバチ
家族: Vespidae2
ならびかえ: Hymenoptera
大陸: ヨーロッパ, アジア
赤ちゃん: The queen lays eggs in the combs inside the nest. In laboratory data, egg-laying averaged 2.31 eggs per day.1
野生でのようす: Locally threatened or endangered in some areas1
人への危険: 2 / 5: 痛い3