No. 0844 / 1 402

Indian red scorpion

Hottentotta tamulus

名前について： The species name tamulus is thought to come from the Tamil people of southeastern India, where the scorpion occurs.1

命にかかわる地球でいちばん命にかかわる動物のひとつ。刺されたら、すぐに助けを呼ぼう。すぐの手当てと抗毒素で、ほとんどの人は助かるよ。すぐに救急番号に電話しよう。

サソリ

刺す食べもの：肉

人への危険: 命にかかわる世界でいちばん危険な動物のひとつ。

The Indian red scorpion is a small, venomous scorpion found across most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal and, more recently, Sri Lanka. It often lives close to people, so its sting is a serious concern in busy rural areas, especially for children.1

すんでいる場所

Most of India, eastern Pakistan, the eastern lowlands of Nepal, and recently recorded in Sri Lanka1

アジア

ホーム

It lives in vegetated lowlands with a humid subtropical to tropical climate, and often lives close to or inside human homes, especially in rural areas. It is found in scrubland, cropland, mango orchards, Eucalyptus plantations and under tree bark. People mostly meet it at night or in the early morning, when it crawls into beds or falls from ceilings.1

長さ

5 cmから9 cm (2 inから3.5 in)1

最高速度

時速約1.6 km（時速0.99マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

It is nocturnal and hunts small invertebrates, and sometimes small vertebrates such as lizards.1

Indian red scorpionの写真 — Indian red scorpion。写真：Shantanu Kuveskar。 CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

見分け方

Its walking legs and the tips of its pincers are bright orange-yellow to light reddish-brown.1
Its body is about 5 to 9 cm long (50 to 90 mm).1
It has three distinct ridges (carinae) on the top of its body segments.1
It has rather small pincers, a moderately thick tail and a rounded tail tip with a large stinger.1
In males, the base of the pincers is slightly more swollen than in females.1

よくまちがえられるのは： Under tree bark, its close relative Hottentotta pachyurus is far more common, making up about 91% of scorpions found there in one study in Pune, western India. Scorpions found under bark in that area are therefore more likely to be that species.1

毒パワー

刺す

毒は針から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

The venom is a complex mixture of proteins, including a toxin called tamapin. It mainly affects the heart and lungs, causing symptoms such as severe local pain, vomiting, sweating, unconsciousness, muscle convulsions, breathlessness, abnormal heart rhythms, shock and pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs), which may cause death.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: 命にかかわる世界でいちばん危険な動物のひとつ。

It is of great medical significance in densely populated areas of India and Nepal and occasionally causes human deaths. Clinical studies report fatality rates of 8 to 40%, and most victims are children. In Sri Lanka, 12 children in Jaffna died from its stings in 2011, and 80 patients were recorded in 2012.1

いい知らせ：お医者さんには、これに効く薬（抗毒素）か治療法があるよ。1

刺されたら

Antivenin is the specific treatment, combined with supportive care such as vasodilators for heart effects and benzodiazepines for muscle effects. Scorpion antivenom has shown little effect in clinical treatment, while the drug prazosin, which lowers raised blood pressure, is usually recommended and reduces the mortality rate to less than 4%. Get to a hospital fast.1
刺されたところを保冷剤で冷やして、その人を動かさないようにしよう。急いで医療の助けを受けて。とくに子どもは急いで：子どもにとって命にかかわるサソリもいるよ。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本