Greening's frog

Unlike poison dart frogs, which only secrete poison from their skin, this frog can inject venom through spines on its skull.1

The skin of its head is fused to the skull to form a casque, a hard helmet-like structure.1

In laboratory tests, its skin secretions also slowed the growth of mouse fibroblast and melanoma cells.1

It has a tough, water-resistant skin and a low metabolic rate, which help it survive the dry semi-desert climate.1

When the rains start and the streams run with water, males set up territories near the water and call to attract females.1

It shares its headbutting, spine-injecting defence with another frog, Nyctimantis brunoi.1