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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides

이름에 대해: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1

의사가 필요해치명적인 경우는 드물지만, 물리면 의사에게 가야 해.

살무사류

물어먹이: 고기

사람에게 위험한 정도: 심각물리면 의사에게 가야 해. 죽는 일은 아주 드물어.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

사는 곳

Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1

아시아

홈

It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1

길이

60 cm (2 ft)3

일반적인 다 자란 크기

최고 속도

약 3.4 km/h (2.1 mph)

땅에서, 대략적인 추측

뭘 먹을까?

It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1

Spider-tailed horned viper 사진 — Spider-tailed horned viper. 사진: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

알아보는 법

The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

자주 헷갈리는 동물: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

독의 힘

물어

물 때 독니나 이빨로 독이 나와.

이 독(물거나 쏘는 독)은 어떤 작용을 할까?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

사람에게 얼마나 위험할까?

사람에게 위험한 정도: 심각물리면 의사에게 가야 해. 죽는 일은 아주 드물어.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

물면

그 사람을 가만히, 침착하게 있게 하고, 물린 팔이나 다리를 심장 높이에 두고, 반지와 조이는 것을 빼고, 빨리 병원에 가.

언제나 먼저 응급 번호(112, 000, 911)에 전화해. 이건 일반적인 응급처치 안내이고, 의학적 조언이 아니야. 응급처치 기본

안전하게 지내

야생 동물은 작더라도, 자거나 죽은 것처럼 보이더라도 절대 만지거나, 잡거나, 괴롭히지 마.
거리를 둬. 마주치면 침착하게 천천히 뒤로 물러나서 제 갈 길을 가게 해 줘.
물렸다면: 침착하게, 가만히 있고, 응급 번호(112, 000, 911)에 전화하거나 빨리 병원에 가. 생김새를 기억해 둬. 사진이 있으면 도움이 돼.

너를 노리는 게 아니야. 독은 먹이를 잡거나 자기를 지키려고 쓰는 거고, 사실은 숨는 걸 훨씬 좋아해. 안전하게 지내는 법 더 보기

세계 어디에?

아프리카 아시아 유럽 북아메리카 남아메리카 호주와 오세아니아

얼마나 클까?

얼마나 길까?

바나나 3개를 끝과 끝을 이어 놓은 길이100미터를 110초에 갈 수 있어(가장 빠른 사람은 9.6초)

Spider-tailed horned viper, 너와 비교하면 얼마나 클까?

브라우저에서 계산만 해. 아무것도 저장되거나 어디로도 보내지지 않아.

얼마나 빠를까?

육지거북 약 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

Spider-tailed horned viper 약 3.4 km/h (2.1 mph)

걷는 사람 약 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

알아 둘 만해

사실

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

오해 바로잡기

오해: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

진실: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1