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Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa

O mene: The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1

Treba lekáraZriedka smrteľné, ale uhryznutie potrebuje lekára.

Pavúky

UhryznutiaJe: Mäso

Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: VážneUhryznutie potrebuje lekára. Úmrtia sú veľmi zriedkavé.

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

Žije v

Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1

Severná Amerika

Domov

Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1

Dĺžka

6 mm až 2 cm (0,2 in až 0,8 in)1

Maximálna rýchlosť

asi 0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)

Na súši, hrubý odhad

Čo je?

Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1

Fotka: Brown recluse — Brown recluse. Foto: Rosa Pineda. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ako ho spoznať

A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

Často sa zamieňa s: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

Sila jedu

Uhryznutia

Jed vychádza cez jedové zuby, keď hryzie.

Čo robí jeho jed?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

Aké nebezpečné je pre ľudí?

Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: VážneUhryznutie potrebuje lekára. Úmrtia sú veľmi zriedkavé.

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

Čo robí, keď sa bojí?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

Ak uhryzne

Umy miesto uhryznutia a daj naň ľadový obklad na bolesť. Vyhľadaj lekársku pomoc, ak je bolesť silná, šíri sa alebo sa postihnutý cíti zle.

Vždy najprv zavolaj na tiesňovú linku (112, 000, 911). Toto sú všeobecné rady prvej pomoci, nie lekárska rada. Základy prvej pomoci

Buď v bezpečí

Nikdy sa nedotýkaj divého zvieraťa, nechytaj ho ani ho nedráždi, aj keď je malé a aj keď vyzerá, že spí alebo je mŕtve.
Nechaj mu priestor. Ak nejaké stretneš, zostaň pokojný, pomaly cúvni a nechaj ho ísť svojou cestou.
Ak ťa uhryzne: zostaň pokojný, nehýb sa, zavolaj na tiesňovú linku (112, 000, 911) alebo sa rýchlo dostaň do nemocnice. Zapamätaj si, ako vyzeralo, fotka pomôže.

Nejde po tebe. Jed používa na chytanie potravy alebo na obranu a oveľa radšej sa schová. Viac o tom, ako zostať v bezpečí

Kde na svete?

Afrika Ázia Európa Severná Amerika Južná Amerika Austrália a Oceánia

Aké je veľké?

Aké je dlhé?

asi tak dlhé ako kancelárska spinka

Aký veľký je Brown recluse v porovnaní s TEBOU?

Iba matematika v tvojom prehliadači. Nič sa neukladá ani nikam neposiela.

Aké je rýchle?

Korytnačka suchozemská asi 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Brown recluse asi 0,8 km/h (0,5 mph)

Kráčajúci človek asi 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

dobré vedieť

Fakty

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

Lovec mýtov

Mýtus: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

Pravda: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

Pre znalcov jedov

Vedecký názov: Loxosceles reclusa
Skupina: Pavúky
Rodina: Sicariidae2
Rad: Araneae
Kontinenty: Severná Amerika
Mláďatá: Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: 3 / 5: Vážne3

Odkiaľ sú fakty

Brown recluse spider (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Loxosceles reclusa (iNaturalist): mená a klasifikácia.
Venom Wiki: úroveň nebezpečenstva, typická veľkosť a odhad rýchlosti sú naše vlastné. Pozri, ako ich určujeme: Ako hodnotíme nebezpečenstvo.

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