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Caspian cobra

Naja oxiana

O mene: Naja is a Latin form of the Sanskrit word for cobra, and oxiana comes from Oxus, the ancient name of the Amu Darya river.1

Smrteľne nebezpečnéJedno z najsmrteľnejších zvierat na Zemi. Ak ťa uhryzne, hneď volaj pomoc.Rýchla pomoc a protijed zachránia väčšinu ľudí. Hneď zavolaj na tiesňovú linku.

Kobry, mamby a bungary

UhryznutiaJe: Mäso

Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: Smrteľne nebezpečnéJedno z najnebezpečnejších zvierat na svete.

The Caspian cobra is a highly venomous snake that lives in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. Many scientists consider it the most venomous cobra in the world. It is also a strong swimmer and a good climber.1

Žije v

Central Asia, Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, Pakistan and far northern India1

Ázia

Domov

It lives in dry, rocky or stony foothills covered with shrubs or scrub, up to about 3,000 m above sea level. It is often found near water and rarely far from it, and it lives in holes in embankments or in trees.1

Dĺžka

1 m až 1,7 m (3,3 ft až 5,6 ft)1

Maximálna rýchlosť

asi 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

Na súši, hrubý odhad

Čo je?

It feeds mostly on small mammals and amphibians, and sometimes on fish, birds and their eggs. It also reportedly eats other snakes.1

Fotka: Caspian cobra — Caspian cobra. Foto: Omid Mozaffari. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Ako ho spoznať

Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, with no hood marks and no spots on the throat.1
Juveniles are pale and faded, with dark and light cross-bands of about equal width around the body.1
The hood is long and tapers gradually, unlike the rounder hood of some other cobras.1
It has several dark bands under the throat.1
It is never fully black, although some individuals can be quite dark.1

Často sa zamieňa s: The Caspian cobra is often confused with the Indian cobra, and the two live side by side in Pakistan and northern India. Indian cobras without a hood mark look similar. In the black form of the Indian cobra from Pakistan, almost the whole throat is black, while the Caspian cobra has several dark throat bands and is never fully black.1

Sila jedu

Uhryznutia

Jed vychádza cez jedové zuby, keď hryzie.

Čo robí jeho jed?

Its venom is mainly neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and most of the venom is made of short neurotoxins. It also contains cytotoxins, which can kill cells, and enzymes called nucleases, which damage tissue at the bite. Severe pain and swelling appear quickly, and weakness, drowsiness and paralysis of the throat and limbs can appear within an hour. The venom can also affect the heart during the first few hours, and at least one heart attack after a bite has been recorded.1

Aké nebezpečné je pre ľudí?

Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: Smrteľne nebezpečnéJedno z najnebezpečnejších zvierat na svete.

It is regarded as the most dangerous snake in Central Asia and has a high death rate. Between 1979 and 1987, 136 confirmed bites were attributed to it in the former Soviet Union. Of these, 8 people died after receiving antivenom, and 11 of the 15 who did not receive antivenom died. In Iran, it causes more deaths from snakebite than any other snake in the country. Without treatment, death can come in as little as 45 minutes or be delayed for up to 24 hours.1

Dobrá správa: lekári na to majú liek (protijed) alebo liečbu.1

Čo robí, keď sa bojí?

It tends to avoid people, but when cornered or provoked it spreads its hood, hisses, sways from side to side and strikes repeatedly.1

Ak uhryzne

Medical treatment with antivenom is essential, because untreated bites are often fatal. Symptoms can worsen rapidly without treatment, so urgent medical care is needed.1
Drž postihnutého v pokoji a bez pohybu, daj dole prstene a všetko tesné a rýchlo sa dostaňte do nemocnice: liečbou je protijed.

Vždy najprv zavolaj na tiesňovú linku (112, 000, 911). Toto sú všeobecné rady prvej pomoci, nie lekárska rada. Základy prvej pomoci

Buď v bezpečí

Nikdy sa nedotýkaj divého zvieraťa, nechytaj ho ani ho nedráždi, aj keď je malé a aj keď vyzerá, že spí alebo je mŕtve.
Nechaj mu priestor. Ak nejaké stretneš, zostaň pokojný, pomaly cúvni a nechaj ho ísť svojou cestou.
Ak ťa uhryzne: zostaň pokojný, nehýb sa, zavolaj na tiesňovú linku (112, 000, 911) alebo sa rýchlo dostaň do nemocnice. Zapamätaj si, ako vyzeralo, fotka pomôže.

Nejde po tebe. Jed používa na chytanie potravy alebo na obranu a oveľa radšej sa schová. Viac o tom, ako zostať v bezpečí

Kde na svete?

Afrika Ázia Európa Severná Amerika Južná Amerika Austrália a Oceánia

Aké je veľké?

Aké je dlhé?

dlhé ako 3 domácich mačiek od nosa po chvostdlhé ako 9 banánov za sebouby prebehlo 100 metrov za 48 sekúnd (najrýchlejší človek potrebuje 9,6)

Aký veľký je Caspian cobra v porovnaní s TEBOU?

Iba matematika v tvojom prehliadači. Nič sa neukladá ani nikam neposiela.

Aké je rýchle?

Kráčajúci človek asi 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Caspian cobra asi 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

Dieťa na bicykli asi 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

dobré vedieť

Fakty

Many toxinological studies suggest that the Caspian cobra is the most venomous cobra in the world.1

A ribonuclease called ribonuclease V1, purified from its venom, is used as a laboratory reagent in molecular biology because it can break down structured RNA.1

It cannot spit venom, but it is a good climber and an able swimmer.1

It is the westernmost species of Asiatic cobra, and it can be found at heights of up to about 3,000 m.1

For most of the twentieth century it was treated as a subspecies of the Indian cobra, until genetic analysis showed it was a separate species.1

Lovec mýtov

Mýtus: Caspian cobras are always black, like some Indian cobras.

Pravda: The Caspian cobra is never fully black. Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, and it has several dark bands under the throat.1

Pre znalcov jedov

Vedecký názov: Naja oxiana
Skupina: Kobry, mamby a bungary
Rodina: Elapidae2
Rad: Squamata
Kontinenty: Ázia
Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: 5 / 5: Smrteľne nebezpečné3

Odkiaľ sú fakty

Caspian cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Naja oxiana (iNaturalist): mená a klasifikácia.
Venom Wiki: úroveň nebezpečenstva, typická veľkosť a odhad rýchlosti sú naše vlastné. Pozri, ako ich určujeme: Ako hodnotíme nebezpečenstvo.

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