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Spider-tailed horned viper

Pseudocerastes urarachnoides

O mene: The scientific name comes from Ancient Greek words meaning tail, spider and 'like', because of its spider-like tail tip.1

Treba lekáraZriedka smrteľné, ale uhryznutie potrebuje lekára.

Vretenice a zmije

UhryznutiaJe: Mäso

Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: VážneUhryznutie potrebuje lekára. Úmrtia sú veľmi zriedkavé.

The spider-tailed horned viper is a venomous snake with a tail tip that looks like a spider. It lives only in the mountains of western Iran and the nearby eastern part of Iraq. It wiggles its tail to lure birds close enough to catch.1

Žije v

Western Iran and the eastern part of Iraq, near the Iran-Iraq border, mainly on the western side of the Zagros Mountains1

Ázia

Domov

It lives at higher elevations, mostly on rocky ground made of gypsum, and prefers deep cracks and holes in the rock. These spots trap humidity and moisture during hot summers. During the day it is most often found in the shade of a shrub.1

Dĺžka

60 cm (2 ft)3

typická veľkosť dospelého jedinca

Maximálna rýchlosť

asi 3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)

Na súši, hrubý odhad

Čo je?

It eats birds, including the Isabelline shrike and several warbler species. It waves the tip of its tail in a figure-of-eight pattern to lure insect-eating birds within striking range.1

Fotka: Spider-tailed horned viper — Spider-tailed horned viper. Foto: Omid Mozaffari. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.

Ako ho spoznať

The scales above each eye rise up into small horns.1
About 16 to 17 scales sit between the horns.1
The bulb-shaped tail tip is bordered by long, drooping scales that look like spider legs.1
The scales on the body are rougher than those of other species in its genus.1
It has 15 pairs of subcaudal scales (the scales on the underside of the tail).1

Často sa zamieňa s: It looks very similar to other Pseudocerastes vipers in the region, especially around the head. The unusual, spider-like tail tip is the feature that sets it apart.1

Sila jedu

Uhryznutia

Jed vychádza cez jedové zuby, keď hryzie.

Čo robí jeho jed?

Its venom mainly acts as a cytotoxin, which destroys cells across a wide variety of cell types, and it has minor neurotoxic effects, which attack the nerves. It is a procoagulant, meaning it makes blood clot, and reports describe clotting in about 13 seconds. The venom affects birds most strongly, and also affects mammals and amphibians. A 2021 study by Brouw found it has a coagulant effect on humans and affects Factor X, a protein needed for blood clotting.1

Aké nebezpečné je pre ľudí?

Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: VážneUhryznutie potrebuje lekára. Úmrtia sú veľmi zriedkavé.

No human bite has ever been recorded in the wild. How severe its effects would be on people is not known.1

Ak uhryzne

Drž postihnutého v pokoji a bez pohybu, drž uhryznutú končatinu vo výške srdca, daj dole prstene a všetko tesné a rýchlo sa dostaňte do nemocnice.

Vždy najprv zavolaj na tiesňovú linku (112, 000, 911). Toto sú všeobecné rady prvej pomoci, nie lekárska rada. Základy prvej pomoci

Buď v bezpečí

Nikdy sa nedotýkaj divého zvieraťa, nechytaj ho ani ho nedráždi, aj keď je malé a aj keď vyzerá, že spí alebo je mŕtve.
Nechaj mu priestor. Ak nejaké stretneš, zostaň pokojný, pomaly cúvni a nechaj ho ísť svojou cestou.
Ak ťa uhryzne: zostaň pokojný, nehýb sa, zavolaj na tiesňovú linku (112, 000, 911) alebo sa rýchlo dostaň do nemocnice. Zapamätaj si, ako vyzeralo, fotka pomôže.

Nejde po tebe. Jed používa na chytanie potravy alebo na obranu a oveľa radšej sa schová. Viac o tom, ako zostať v bezpečí

Kde na svete?

Afrika Ázia Európa Severná Amerika Južná Amerika Austrália a Oceánia

Aké je veľké?

Aké je dlhé?

dlhé ako 3 banánov za sebouby prebehlo 100 metrov za 110 sekúnd (najrýchlejší človek potrebuje 9,6)

Aký veľký je Spider-tailed horned viper v porovnaní s TEBOU?

Iba matematika v tvojom prehliadači. Nič sa neukladá ani nikam neposiela.

Aké je rýchle?

Korytnačka suchozemská asi 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Spider-tailed horned viper asi 3,4 km/h (2,1 mph)

Kráčajúci človek asi 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

dobré vedieť

Fakty

Its tail is moved in a figure-of-eight pattern, and it moves faster when birds are nearby. Field studies have confirmed that this is a lure and not random movement.1

Footage of it luring migrating birds appears in the Asia episode of the BBC series Seven Worlds, One Planet, narrated by David Attenborough.1

A digested lark was found in the stomach of one of the specimens used to describe the species, supporting the idea that the tail lures birds.1

Its tail tip is a form of aggressive mimicry, where a predator looks like something else to attract its prey.1

Several other snakes, such as the sidewinder and the green tree python, also use the tip of their tail as a lure, but none has the elongated scales that look like arthropod legs.1

A specimen collected in 1968 was first identified as a Persian horned viper. It was only recognised as a separate species and described in 2006.1

Lovec mýtov

Mýtus: The strange tail tip was caused by a parasite, a deformity or a tumour.

Pravda: Early specimens were thought to have a damaged tail tip. In fact, the spider-like tail is a natural feature that the snake uses to lure birds.1

Pre znalcov jedov

Vedecký názov: Pseudocerastes urarachnoides
Skupina: Vretenice a zmije
Rodina: Viperidae2
Rad: Squamata
Kontinenty: Ázia
Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: 3 / 5: Vážne3

Odkiaľ sú fakty

Spider-tailed horned viper (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (iNaturalist): mená a klasifikácia.
Venom Wiki: úroveň nebezpečenstva, typická veľkosť a odhad rýchlosti sú naše vlastné. Pozri, ako ich určujeme: Ako hodnotíme nebezpečenstvo.

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