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Bullet ant

Paraponera clavata

O imenu: The species name clavata means "club-shaped", and the genus name Paraponera translates to "near-Ponera".1

Samo boliBoli, a te ne bo resno poškodovala.

Mravlje

PikiJe: Malo vsega

Nevarnost za ljudi: BolečeLahko zelo boli, a skoraj nikoli ni resno.

The bullet ant is a large rainforest ant with a sting that is famously painful. It lives in humid lowland rainforests in Central and South America. Its sting ranks as the most painful of all insect stings on one informal pain scale.1

Živi v

Central and South America, from Honduras and El Salvador south to Brazil and Bolivia1

Severna Amerika, Južna Amerika

Domov

Colonies of several hundred ants are usually built at the bases of trees in humid lowland rainforest. Workers forage up into the tree canopy, often as high as the upper canopy, and little foraging happens on the forest floor.1

Dolžina

1,8 cm do 3 cm (0,7 in do 1,2 in)1

Največja hitrost

približno 0,35 km/h (0,22 mph)

Na kopnem, groba ocena

Kaj je?

Workers forage in the trees for small arthropods (small invertebrates) and nectar. Nectar, carried between the mandibles (jaws), is the most common food brought back to the nest.1

Fotografija: Bullet ant — Bullet ant. Fotografija: unknown. CC0, iNaturalist.

Kako jo prepoznaš

Worker ants are 18–30 mm long1
They are stout and reddish-black1
They are wingless and look like wasps1
They produce a stridulating (rasping) sound when defending the nest1

Moč strupa

Piki

Strup pride ven skozi želo.

Kaj naredi njen strup, ko ugrizne ali piči?

The sting delivers poneratoxin, a paralysing neurotoxic peptide (a small protein that attacks the nerves). It affects sodium ion channels, which are needed to send nerve signals, and blocks signal transmission in the central nervous system. Common symptoms from even one sting include swollen lymph nodes, swelling (oedema), a fast heartbeat (tachycardia) and fresh blood in the faeces.1

Kako nevarna je za ljudi?

Nevarnost za ljudi: BolečeLahko zelo boli, a skoraj nikoli ni resno.

The pain is described as burning, throbbing and all-consuming, and it can last for up to 24 hours. Workers are vicious when defending the nest, so people who disturb a nest risk being stung.1

Kaj naredi, ko se prestraši?

The ants are not aggressive in general, but they defend the nest viciously, producing a stridulating sound and stinging with ferocity.1

Če piči

Pike umij in ohladi.
Če ima poškodovanec težave z dihanjem, otekel obraz ali grlo ali se mu vrti, kot da bo omedlel, gre za nujno stanje zaradi alergije: pokliči številko za klic v sili.

Vedno najprej pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911). To so splošna navodila za prvo pomoč, ne zdravniški nasvet. Osnove prve pomoči

Ostani varen

Nikoli se ne dotikaj divje živali, je ne lovi in je ne draži, tudi če je majhna in tudi če je videti, kot da spi ali je mrtva.
Pusti ji prostor. Če jo srečaš, ostani miren, počasi stopi nazaj in jo pusti, da gre svojo pot.
Če te piči: ostani miren, ne premikaj se, pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911) ali hitro pojdi v bolnišnico. Zapomni si, kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaga.

Ne preži nate. Strup uporablja, da ulovi hrano ali se zaščiti, in se veliko raje skrije. Več o varnosti

Kje na svetu?

Afrika Azija Evropa Severna Amerika Južna Amerika Avstralija in Oceanija

Kako velika je?

Kako dolga je?

približno tako dolga kot sponka za papir

Kakšne velikosti je Bullet ant v primerjavi s TABO?

Samo matematika v tvojem brskalniku. Nič se ne shrani in nič se nikamor ne pošlje.

Kako hitra je?

Želva približno 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Bullet ant približno 0,35 km/h (0,22 mph)

Človek, ki hodi približno 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

vredno vedeti

Dejstva

Its sting is compared to walking over flaming charcoal with a three-inch nail in your heel, and some victims say it feels like being shot, which gives the ant its name.1

The Sateré-Mawé people of Brazil use bullet ant stings in initiation rites for becoming warriors or leaders. Ants are sedated and woven into gloves, and the initiate wears them for 5 to 10 minutes or longer.1

A flying fly parasite, Apocephalus paraponerae, lays eggs in injured bullet ants, and a crushed ant can attract flies within two to three minutes.1

Poneratoxin from its venom is being investigated for possible medical uses.1

The glasswing butterfly, Greta oto, is a predator of the bullet ant. Its larvae make chemical extracts that these ants find unpalatable.1

Fossils of relatives were found in Dominican amber. The extinct Paraponera dieteri lived 15 to 45 million years ago in the Early Miocene.1

Za strokovnjake za strupe

Znanstveno ime: Paraponera clavata
Skupina: Mravlje
Družina: Formicidae2
Red: Hymenoptera
Celine: Severna Amerika, Južna Amerika
Nevarnost za ljudi: 2 / 5: Boleče3

Od kod so dejstva

Paraponera clavata (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Paraponera clavata (iNaturalist): imena in razvrstitev.
Venom Wiki: stopnja nevarnosti, tipična velikost in ocena hitrosti so naše lastne. Poglej, kako jih določimo: Kako ocenjujemo nevarnost.

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