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Rinkhals

Hemachatus haemachatus
Kailangan ng doktorBihirang nakamamatay, pero kailangang magpatingin sa doktor kapag nakagat o natalsikan ng kamandag ang mata.
Mga kobra, mamba at krait Nagsisirit o dumuduraKinakain: Karne
Panganib sa tao: MalalaKailangang magpatingin sa doktor kapag nakagat o natalsikan ng kamandag ang mata. Napakabihira ng namamatay.

The rinkhals is a venomous snake that lives in southern Africa. It is often called the ring-necked spitting cobra, but it is not a true cobra. It is known for spitting venom at threats rather than relying on its bite.1

Nakatira sa
Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini, with an isolated Zimbabwe population that may be extinct1
Aprika
Home
It prefers grasslands, from the coast up to altitudes of 2,000 m. It is extremely common on the Highveld and in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal. Because it eats frogs and toads, it is often found near wetlands.1
Haba
90 cm hanggang 1.1 m (3 ft hanggang 3.6 ft)1
Pinakamataas na bilis
mga 6.9 km/h (4.3 mph)
Sa lupa, tantiya lang
Ano ang kinakain nito?
It hunts during the daytime and will prey on any vertebrate small enough to eat. Toads are its most common food in the wild, but it also eats rodents and small lizards.1
Totoo!Litrato ng Rinkhals
Rinkhals. Litrato: ProfbergerLee R. Berger. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Paano ito makikilala

  • Its belly is dark, with one or two light-coloured crossbands on the throat.1
  • Its usual total length, including the tail, is 90 to 110 cm.1
  • Colour varies. Some individuals are mostly black, while others are striped.1
  • When distressed, it spreads its hood to show a striped neck.1
  • Its dorsal scales are keeled, which means they have a ridge down the middle.1

Madalas mapagkamalang: It closely resembles true cobras, which belong to the genus Naja. Its keeled dorsal scales and the lack of solid teeth on the maxilla (upper jaw bone) set it apart, and these differences are why it is placed in its own genus, Hemachatus.1

Lakas ng kamandag

Nagsisirit o dumudura

Nagsisirit o dumudura ito ng mahapding likido sa mga umaatake.

Ano ang epekto ng kamandag nito?

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and partially cytotoxic, meaning it destroys body tissue. A bite causes great pain and can lead to necrosis (death of tissue). General symptoms include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, violent abdominal pain, cramps and vertigo, and local swelling and bruising occur in about a quarter of cases.1

Gaano ito kapanganib sa tao?

Panganib sa tao: MalalaKailangang magpatingin sa doktor kapag nakagat o natalsikan ng kamandag ang mata. Napakabihira ng namamatay.

Bites are rare, because the snake relies on other defences first. Most bites happen when people try to handle it. No fatality from a rinkhals bite has been recorded in over 40 years.1

Magandang balita: may gamot (antivenom) o gamutan ang mga doktor para dito.1

Ano ang ginagawa nito kapag natatakot?

When threatened, it spreads its hood, hisses and lunges while spitting venom accurately up to 3 m, usually aiming at the face and eyes. If other defences fail, it may bite, and it can also roll over with its mouth open and tongue out.1

Kung kumagat o dumura ito

  • Polyvalent antivenom is effective for treating rinkhals envenomation. If venom gets into the eyes, it causes great pain and inflammation, and corneal damage can occur if left untreated. Timely first aid and eye-washing will usually lead to recovery after a few days.1
  • Panatilihing hindi gumagalaw at kalmado ang tao, tanggalin ang mga singsing at masisikip na bagay, at pumunta agad sa ospital: antivenom ang gamutan.
  • Kung nadura ang kamandag sa mga mata, banlawan agad ang mga ito ng maraming malinis na tubig.

Laging tawagan muna ang numero pang-emergency (112, 000, 911). Ito ay pangkalahatang gabay sa pangunang lunas, hindi payong medikal. Mga batayan ng pangunang lunas

Mag-ingat

  • Huwag kailanman hawakan, hulihin o asarin ang ligaw na hayop, kahit maliit, at kahit mukha itong tulog o patay.
  • Bigyan ito ng espasyo. Kung makasalubong ka ng isa, manatiling kalmado, dahan-dahang umatras at hayaan itong umalis.
  • Kung kagatin ka ng isa o duraan ng kamandag ang mga mata mo: manatiling kalmado, huwag gumalaw, tawagan ang numero pang-emergency (112, 000, 911) o pumunta agad sa ospital. Tandaan ang itsura nito, makakatulong ang litrato.

Hindi ka nito hinahabol. Ginagamit nito ang kamandag para manghuli ng pagkain o ipagtanggol ang sarili, at mas gusto pa nitong magtago. Higit pa tungkol sa pag-iingat

Gaano ito kalaki?

Gaano ito kahaba?

Rinkhals mga 1.1 m ang haba (3.6 ft)Isang aso mga 1 m (3.3 ft)Isang matanda mga 1.7 m (5.6 ft)
kasinghaba ng 2 pusang bahay mula ilong hanggang buntotkasinghaba ng 6 saging na magkakadugtongkayang tapusin ang 100 metro sa loob ng 52 segundo (9.6 ang kailangan ng pinakamabilis na tao)

Gaano kalaki si Rinkhals kumpara sa IYO?

Math lang sa browser mo. Walang sine-save o ipinapadala kahit saan.

Gaano ito kabilis?

magandang malaman

Mga fact

1

When threatened, it can play dead by rolling onto its back with its mouth open and tongue out. This behaviour, called thanatosis, is also seen in some other snakes.1

2

It can spit venom accurately at targets up to 3 m away and has good control over its venom glands.1

3

Unlike true cobras, which lay eggs, it gives birth to live young.1

4

It is not a true cobra. It belongs to its own genus, Hemachatus, which has only one species.1

Myth buster

Mito: The rinkhals is a true cobra.

Totoo: It bears a great resemblance to true cobras, but it belongs to the genus Hemachatus rather than Naja, so it is not a true cobra.1

Para sa mga eksperto sa kamandag

Pangalang siyentipiko
Hemachatus haemachatus
Grupo
Mga kobra, mamba at krait
Pamilya
Elapidae2
Ayos
Squamata
Mga kontinente
Aprika
Mga sanggol
It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. A litter usually has around 20 to 30 young, though some females give birth to over 60, typically in late summer (December to March in the southern hemisphere).1
Panganib sa tao
3 / 5: Malala3

Saan galing ang mga fact

  1. Rinkhals (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Hemachatus haemachatus (iNaturalist): mga pangalan at klasipikasyon.
  3. Venom Wiki: sarili naming tantiya ang antas ng panganib, karaniwang laki at hula sa bilis. Tingnan kung paano namin ito kinukuwenta: Paano namin sinusukat ang panganib.

Bawat fact sa pahinang ito ay may numerong tumuturo sa pinagmulan nito. Kung may mali kami, pasensya na, mahilig lang kami sa hayop, hindi kami science journal. Sabihin sa amin sa [email protected] at aayusin namin.

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Nakatira rin sa: Aprika

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