第 0564 号，共 1 402 张

Boomslang

Dispholidus typus

名字的由来： The name comes from Dutch and Afrikaans, meaning "tree snake": boom is "tree" and slang is "snake".1

可致命不治疗可能会要你的命。如果它咬了你，赶快求助。

后沟牙蛇

咬伤吃：肉

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

The boomslang is a highly venomous tree snake from Sub-Saharan Africa. It spends most of its time in trees and bushes, though it also hunts and shelters on the ground. Its venom works slowly, so a bite can look harmless at first and still be life-threatening.1

生活在

Sub-Saharan Africa, from West Africa through Central and East Africa to much of Southern Africa1

非洲

首页

It lives mainly in forests but also in karoo shrubs, savannahs, lowland forests and grasslands. It is an excellent climber and is mostly found in trees, but it often hunts or shelters on the ground and sometimes hides underground in harsh weather.1

长度

1 m到1.8 m (3.3 ft到6 ft)1

体重

175 g到510 g (6 oz到1.1 lb)1

最高速度

约 6 公里/小时（3.7 英里/小时）

在陆地上, 粗略估计

它吃什么？

It eats chameleons, other arboreal lizards, frogs, and occasionally small mammals, birds, and eggs from nests. It swallows its prey whole and will also eat other snakes, including members of its own species.1

Boomslang的照片 — Boomslang。照片：Miguel da Fonseca。 CC0, Wikimedia Commons.

怎样认出它

Adult males are light green with black or blue scale edges.1
Adult females are often brown.1
Very large eyes and a distinctive egg-shaped head.1
Average adults are 100 to 160 cm long, including the tail.1
Hatchlings: males are grey with blue speckles, females are pale brown.1

毒液之力

咬伤

它咬的时候，毒液通过毒牙或牙齿出来。

它的毒液会造成什么？

Its venom is mainly a haemotoxin, a type of venom that disrupts blood clotting. Many tiny clots form in the blood, causing bleeding in tissues such as muscle and the brain, while the small blood vessels become clogged. Symptoms include headache, nausea, sleepiness and confusion, and can lead to cardiac arrest and unconsciousness. Because the venom is slow-acting, symptoms may not appear until many hours after a bite.1

它对人有多危险？

对人的危险: 非常危险不治疗可能会害死人。

Bites can be fatal. Of eight serious envenomations reported between 1919 and 1962, two were lethal. In 1957, a herpetologist died after being bitten by a juvenile. Hatchlings about 45 cm long are already dangerously venomous. Delayed symptoms can lead victims to wrongly believe a bite was a harmless dry bite.1

好消息：医生有药（抗毒血清）或治疗方法。1

它害怕时会做什么？

It is timid and usually bites only when people try to handle, catch, chase or kill it. When cornered, it inflates its neck and takes an S-shaped striking pose.1

如果它咬人

Antivenom is available and treatment is needed after a bite. Complete blood transfusions may also be required, especially if more than 24 to 48 hours pass without antivenom. Do not assume a bite is harmless just because no symptoms have appeared.1
清洗咬伤处，让人保持冷静并就医。有些种类（比如非洲树蛇）可能几小时后才致命。

一定先拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）。这里是一般急救指导，不是医疗建议。急救基础

注意安全

永远不要摸、抓或逗弄野生动物，即使是很小的，即使它看起来在睡觉或已经死了。
给它留出空间。如果遇到它，保持冷静，慢慢后退，让它走自己的路。
如果被它咬了：保持冷静，保持不动，拨打你的急救电话（112、000、911）或尽快去医院。记住它长什么样，拍张照片会有帮助。

它不是冲着你来的。它用毒液捕猎或保护自己，而且它更愿意躲起来。更多安全知识

在世界哪里？

非洲亚洲欧洲北美洲南美洲澳大利亚和大洋洲

它有多大？

它有多长？

它有多重？

和 4 根香蕉一样重

和 4 只家猫鼻子接尾巴一样长和 10 根香蕉首尾相接一样长60 秒就能跑完 100 米（最快的人需要 9.6 秒）

Boomslang和你比起来有多大？

只是在你的浏览器里算一算。什么都不会被保存或发送到任何地方。

它有多快？

一个在走路的人 约 5 公里/小时 (3.1 mph)

Boomslang 约 6 公里/小时 (3.7 mph)

一个骑自行车的孩子 约 12 公里/小时 (7.5 mph)

值得了解

事实

An adult has only 1.6 to 8 mg of venom, but it is thought that 2 to 3 mg could be enough to kill a healthy adult human.1

It can open its jaws up to 170 degrees when biting.1

Its head is distinctly egg-shaped, and its eyes are exceptionally large.1

It often moves its head from side to side to get a better view of objects directly in front of it.1

When it is pursued by something too large to eat, it escapes by moving from branch to branch.1

谣言粉碎机

谣言： Rear-fanged snakes cannot produce a lethal bite.

真相： For a long time many herpetologists believed this, but boomslang bites have caused deaths.1

给毒液专家

学名: Dispholidus typus
类别: 后沟牙蛇
家人: Colubridae2
排序: Squamata
大洲: 非洲
宝宝: It lays eggs, on average 8 to 14 (up to 27 have been observed), in a hollow tree trunk or rotting log. The eggs take about 3 months to hatch.1
对人的危险: 4 / 5: 非常危险3