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Toxic zoanthid

Palythoa toxica

Oor die naam: Its Hawaiian name, limu-make-o-Hana, means 'seaweed of death from Hana', after the Hana district of Maui where it was first found.1

Kan doodmaakMoenie aanraak nieKan sonder behandeling doodmaak. As iemand daaraan raak of dit eet, kry vinnig hulp.

Ander diere wat giftig is om aan te raak of te eet

Gif in sy velGiftig om aan te raak of te eet, nie deur 'n byt of steek nie

Gevaar vir mense: Baie gevaarlikDit kan 'n mens doodmaak wat geen behandeling kry nie.

Palythoa toxica is a small, crust-like sea animal, called a zoanthid, that grows on rocks. It lives in Hawaii and is special because it is the species from which the very poisonous substance palytoxin was first discovered and isolated.1

Giftig deur 'n byt of steek, of giftig om aan te raak of te eet? Sommige diere spuit gif in met 'n byt of 'n steek. Ander is skadelik om aan te raak of te eet. Hierdie een is giftig om aan te raak of te eet.

Leef in

Native to Hawaii; has been found sporadically throughout the state, first discovered on Maui1

Stille Oseaan, Indiese Oseaan, Koraalsee, Filippynse See, Suid-Chinese See

Tuis

It was first found in a shallow rock pool about 25 cm deep that received fresh water when heavy rain fell, so it can live in water of changing salt levels. It has also been sold to keepers of reef aquariums, where people have been poisoned by handling it carelessly.1

Lengte

1,5 cm (0,6 in)3

tipiese grootte van 'n volwasse dier

Topspoed

omtrent 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

Swem, rowwe skatting

Foto van Toxic zoanthid — Toxic zoanthid. Foto: [1]. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Hoe om dit te herken

It grows as a flat, encrusting layer over rock.1
It has a firm, tough outer covering.1
Its polyps are partly sunk into a cushiony mat that spreads across the rock and contains sand grains and bits of debris.1
Each polyp has a broad mouth disc with a fringe of tentacles.1
Its colour varies but is usually cream, grey or pale brown.1

Gifkrag

Gif in sy vel

Sy vel is giftig. Dit is gevaarlik om aan te raak, te lek of te eet.

Wat doen sy gif as jy daaraan raak of dit eet?

It is not venomous in the sense of injecting venom with a bite or sting. It contains palytoxin, one of the most poisonous substances known.1

Hoe gevaarlik is dit vir mense?

Gevaar vir mense: Baie gevaarlikDit kan 'n mens doodmaak wat geen behandeling kry nie.

Palytoxin is one of the most poisonous substances known, and people have been poisoned by handling this animal in reef aquariums.1

As iemand daaraan geraak of dit geëet het

As iemand dit geëet het of simptome kry nadat hy dit geëet het: bel dadelik jou noodnommer of 'n gifsentrum.

Bel altyd eers jou noodnommer (112, 000, 911). Dit is algemene noodhulpraad, nie mediese advies nie. Noodhulp-basiese beginsels

Bly veilig

Moet nooit aan 'n wilde dier raak, dit vang of terg nie, selfs nie 'n kleintjie nie, en selfs nie as dit lyk of dit slaap of dood is nie.
Gee dit spasie. As jy een raakloop, bly kalm, stap stadig terug en laat dit sy eie pad gaan.
As jy daaraan geraak of dit geëet het: moenie jou oë of mond vryf nie, was jou hande en kry mediese hulp.

Dit is nie uit om jou te kry nie. Sy gif is net daar sodat niks dit eet nie. Meer oor veilig bly

Waar in die wêreld?

Afrika Asië Europa Noord-Amerika Suid-Amerika Australië & Oseanië Stille Oseaan Indiese Oseaan Koraalsee Suid-Chinese See Filippynse See

Hoe groot is dit?

Hoe lank is dit?

korter as jou pinkie

Hoe groot is Toxic zoanthid in vergelyking met JOU?

Net wiskunde in jou blaaier. Niks word gestoor of enige plek heen gestuur nie.

Hoe vinnig is dit?

'n Tuinslak omtrent 0,05 km/h (0,03 mph)

Toxic zoanthid omtrent 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)

'n Mens wat swem omtrent 3 km/h (1,9 mph)

die moeite werd om te weet

Feite

Early Hawaiians used this animal to poison the tips of their weapons, and a legend says warriors could break a taboo and dip their spear tips into its pool when under severe threat.1

In 1961 researchers took specimens from the pool despite local advice, and the laboratories of the Hawaiian Institute of Marine Biology on Coconut Island were destroyed by fire on that same day.1

Palythoa toxica is the species in which palytoxin was first discovered and first isolated.1

Unlike a related species, P. toxica is equally toxic all year round rather than changing with the seasons.1

Palytoxin has also been found in other Palythoa species, some algae, and certain crabs and fish, and it has been suggested that a dinoflagellate in the genus Ostreopsis produces the toxin.1

Vir gifkenners

Wetenskaplike naam: Palythoa toxica
Groep: Ander diere wat giftig is om aan te raak of te eet
Familie: Sphenopidae2
Orde: Zoantharia
Kontinente: Stille Oseaan, Indiese Oseaan, Koraalsee, Filippynse See, Suid-Chinese See, Die oseane
Gevaar vir mense: 4 / 5: Baie gevaarlik3

Waar die feite vandaan kom

Palythoa toxica (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Palythoa toxica (iNaturalist): name en klassifikasie.
Venom Wiki: die gevaarvlak, die tipiese grootte en die spoedskatting is ons eie. Kyk hoe ons dit uitwerk: Hoe ons gevaar gradeer.

Elke feit op hierdie bladsy het 'n nommer wat na sy bron wys. As ons iets verkeerd het, jammer, ons is dierfanatici, nie 'n wetenskaplike joernaal nie. Laat weet ons by [email protected] en ons maak dit reg.

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