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Golden lancehead

Bothrops insularis

Om navnet: Its common name comes from the light yellowish-brown colour of its underside and from its lance-shaped head, which is typical of the genus Bothrops.1

Kan dræbeKan slå dig ihjel uden behandling. Hvis det bider dig, så få hurtigt hjælp.

Grubehugorme

BidSpiser: Kød

Fare for mennesker: Meget farligDet kan dræbe et menneske, der ikke får behandling.

The golden lancehead is an extremely venomous pit viper that lives only on one small Brazilian island, Ilha da Queimada Grande. It is one of the most venomous snakes in Latin America. Because the island is uninhabited and closed to visitors, it is very unlikely that people will ever meet one.1

Lever i

Ilha da Queimada Grande (Snake Island), off the coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Found nowhere else in the wild.1

Sydamerika

Forside

The island has forest, clearings and shrubs, and a mild climate that stays between 18 °C and just over 22 °C. The rocky terrain makes the island hard to reach, and no humans or other mammals live there. The snake hunts in trees and shelters in leaf litter or rock crevices.1

Længde

70 cm til 1,2 m (2,3 ft til 3,9 ft)1

Tophastighed

cirka 3,5 km/t (2,2 mph)

På land, groft gæt

Hvad spiser det?

Adults mostly eat perching birds and also lizards, and may sometimes eat other golden lanceheads. After biting prey, it keeps the animal in its mouth instead of releasing it and tracking it, which is thought to suit hunting birds.1

Foto af Golden lancehead — Golden lancehead. Foto: Nayeryouakim. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Sådan genkender du det

Pale yellowish-brown body with a series of dorsal blotches that may be triangular or square.1
Belly is a uniform pale yellow or cream.1
Lance-shaped head that comes to a point at the nose.1
No well-defined stripe running behind the eye.1
Has a longer tail than its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

Forveksles ofte med: Its closest relative is B. jararaca, which lives in southern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The golden lancehead can be told apart from it mainly by its longer tail.1

Giftkraft

Bid

Giften kommer ud gennem gifttænderne eller tænderne, når det bider.

Hvad gør dets gift, når det bider eller stikker?

Its venom is adapted to the animals of the island, mainly reptiles, arthropods and migrating birds, so it works better on these than on mammals. Chemical analysis suggests it is five times as potent as the venom of B. jararaca and is the fastest-acting venom in the genus Bothrops. Its venom becomes more potent as the snake matures. Effects reported in envenomations include swelling, pain, nausea, vomiting, blood blisters, bruising, bleeding into the gut and brain, kidney failure and severe muscle damage.1

Hvor farligt er det for mennesker?

Fare for mennesker: Meget farligDet kan dræbe et menneske, der ikke får behandling.

No official report of a human bite from this species has been made, because the island is uninhabited. Other lanceheads cause more human deaths than any other group of snakes in North or South America. One researcher reports four human envenomations by this species, three of which were fatal. For lanceheads in general, the mortality rate is 0.5 to 3.0% with treatment and 7.0% without it.1

Hvis det bider

Hold personen i ro og rolig, hold den bidte arm eller det bidte ben i hjertehøjde, tag ringe og stramme ting af, og kom hurtigt på hospitalet.

Ring altid først til dit alarmnummer (112, 000, 911). Dette er generel førstehjælpsvejledning, ikke lægelig rådgivning. Grundlæggende førstehjælp

Pas på dig selv

Rør aldrig ved, fang eller dril et vildt dyr, heller ikke et lille et, og heller ikke hvis det ser ud til at sove eller være dødt.
Giv det plads. Hvis du møder et, så bliv rolig, træd langsomt tilbage, og lad det gå sin egen vej.
Hvis et bider dig: Bevar roen, hold dig i ro, ring til dit alarmnummer (112, 000, 911), eller kom hurtigt på hospitalet. Husk, hvordan det så ud, et billede hjælper.

Det er ikke ude efter dig. Det bruger sin gift til at fange føde eller beskytte sig selv, og det gemmer sig meget hellere. Mere om sikkerhed

Hvor i verden?

Afrika Asien Europa Nordamerika Sydamerika Australien & Oceanien

Hvor stort er det?

Hvor langt er det?

lige så lang som 2,5 huskatte fra snude til halelige så lang som 7 bananer på rækkekunne løbe 100 meter på 100 sekunder (det hurtigste menneske skal bruge 9,6)

Hvor stor er Golden lancehead i forhold til DIG?

Bare matematik i din browser. Intet bliver gemt eller sendt nogen steder hen.

Hvor hurtigt er det?

En skildpadde cirka 0,3 km/t (0,19 mph)

Golden lancehead cirka 3,5 km/t (2,2 mph)

Et menneske, der går cirka 5 km/t (3,1 mph)

værd at vide

Fakta

Its venom is thought to be five times as potent as that of its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

Its venom has evolved to suit the animals of its island, which has no native mammals.1

Its tail is longer than that of its closest relative, which may help it climb through trees and catch larger birds from a younger age.1

The island's population was estimated at between 2,414 and 2,899 snakes in 2021.1

Travel to the island is strictly prohibited by the Brazilian government.1

It is found only on Ilha da Queimada Grande, an island of about 43 hectares, and nowhere else in the wild.1

For gifteksperter

Videnskabeligt navn: Bothrops insularis
Gruppe: Grubehugorme
Familie: Viperidae2
Orden: Squamata
Kontinenter: Sydamerika
Unger: Like most vipers, it gives birth to live young. The average number of young per pregnancy is 6.5.1
Hvordan det klarer sig i naturen: Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List)1
Fare for mennesker: 4 / 5: Meget farlig3

Hvor fakta kommer fra

Golden lancehead (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bothrops insularis (iNaturalist): navne og klassifikation.
Venom Wiki: fareniveauet, den typiske størrelse og hastighedsgættet er vores egne. Se, hvordan vi regner dem ud: Sådan vurderer vi faren.

Hvert faktum på denne side har et nummer, der peger på kilden. Hvis vi har taget fejl, så undskyld, vi er dyrefans, ikke et videnskabeligt tidsskrift. Skriv til os på [email protected], så retter vi det.

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