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Golden lancehead

Bothrops insularis
Sobre o nome: Its common name comes from the light yellowish-brown colour of its underside and from its lance-shaped head, which is typical of the genus Bothrops.1
Pode matarPode matarte sen tratamento. Se te morde, busca axuda rápido.
Víboras de foxeta MordeCome: Carne
Perigo para as persoas: Moi perigosoPode matar a unha persoa que non reciba tratamento.

The golden lancehead is an extremely venomous pit viper that lives only on one small Brazilian island, Ilha da Queimada Grande. It is one of the most venomous snakes in Latin America. Because the island is uninhabited and closed to visitors, it is very unlikely that people will ever meet one.1

Vive en
Ilha da Queimada Grande (Snake Island), off the coast of São Paulo state, Brazil. Found nowhere else in the wild.1
América do Sur
Inicio
The island has forest, clearings and shrubs, and a mild climate that stays between 18 °C and just over 22 °C. The rocky terrain makes the island hard to reach, and no humans or other mammals live there. The snake hunts in trees and shelters in leaf litter or rock crevices.1
Lonxitude
70 cm a 1,2 m (2,3 ft a 3,9 ft)1
Velocidade máxima
uns 3,5 km/h (2,2 mph)
En terra, estimación aproximada
Que come?
Adults mostly eat perching birds and also lizards, and may sometimes eat other golden lanceheads. After biting prey, it keeps the animal in its mouth instead of releasing it and tracking it, which is thought to suit hunting birds.1
De verdade!Foto de Golden lancehead
Golden lancehead. Foto: Nayeryouakim. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Como recoñecelo

  • Pale yellowish-brown body with a series of dorsal blotches that may be triangular or square.1
  • Belly is a uniform pale yellow or cream.1
  • Lance-shaped head that comes to a point at the nose.1
  • No well-defined stripe running behind the eye.1
  • Has a longer tail than its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

Adoita confundirse con: Its closest relative is B. jararaca, which lives in southern Brazil, Paraguay and northern Argentina. The golden lancehead can be told apart from it mainly by its longer tail.1

Poder da pezoña

Morde

A pezoña sae polos seus cairos ou dentes cando morde.

Que fai a súa pezoña?

Its venom is adapted to the animals of the island, mainly reptiles, arthropods and migrating birds, so it works better on these than on mammals. Chemical analysis suggests it is five times as potent as the venom of B. jararaca and is the fastest-acting venom in the genus Bothrops. Its venom becomes more potent as the snake matures. Effects reported in envenomations include swelling, pain, nausea, vomiting, blood blisters, bruising, bleeding into the gut and brain, kidney failure and severe muscle damage.1

Que perigoso é para as persoas?

Perigo para as persoas: Moi perigosoPode matar a unha persoa que non reciba tratamento.

No official report of a human bite from this species has been made, because the island is uninhabited. Other lanceheads cause more human deaths than any other group of snakes in North or South America. One researcher reports four human envenomations by this species, three of which were fatal. For lanceheads in general, the mortality rate is 0.5 to 3.0% with treatment and 7.0% without it.1

Se morde

  • Mantén a persoa quieta e tranquila, mantén o membro mordido á altura do corazón, quítalle aneis e cousas apertadas e vai rápido a un hospital.

Chama sempre primeiro ao teu número de emerxencias (112, 000, 911). Isto son consellos xerais de primeiros auxilios, non consello médico. Primeiros auxilios básicos

Mantente a salvo

  • Nunca toques, collas nin molestes un animal salvaxe, aínda que sexa pequeno e aínda que pareza durmido ou morto.
  • Déixalle espazo. Se atopas un, mantén a calma, recúa amodo e déixao ir polo seu camiño.
  • Se un te morde: mantén a calma, non te movas, chama ao teu número de emerxencias (112, 000, 911) ou vai rápido a un hospital. Lembra como era, unha foto axuda.

Non vai a por ti. Usa a súa pezoña para cazar comida ou para defenderse, e prefire con moito agocharse. Máis sobre como estar a salvo

En que lugar do mundo?

ÁfricaAsiaEuropaAmérica do NorteAmérica do SurAustralia e Oceanía

Que tamaño ten?

Canto mide?

Golden lancehead mide uns 1,2 m (3,9 ft)Un can uns 1 m (3,3 ft)Un adulto uns 1,7 m (5,6 ft)
mide coma 2,5 gatos domésticos do fociño á colamide coma 7 bananas postas en filapodería percorrer 100 metros en 100 segundos (o humano máis rápido precisa 9,6)

Que tamaño ten Golden lancehead comparado CONTIGO?

Só son contas no teu navegador. Non se garda nin se envía nada a ningures.

Que rápido é?

paga a pena sabelo

Datos

1

Its venom is thought to be five times as potent as that of its closest relative, B. jararaca.1

2

Its venom has evolved to suit the animals of its island, which has no native mammals.1

3

Its tail is longer than that of its closest relative, which may help it climb through trees and catch larger birds from a younger age.1

4

The island's population was estimated at between 2,414 and 2,899 snakes in 2021.1

5

Travel to the island is strictly prohibited by the Brazilian government.1

6

It is found only on Ilha da Queimada Grande, an island of about 43 hectares, and nowhere else in the wild.1

Para expertos en pezoñas

Nome científico
Bothrops insularis
Grupo
Víboras de foxeta
Familia
Viperidae2
Orde
Squamata
Continentes
América do Sur
Crías
Like most vipers, it gives birth to live young. The average number of young per pregnancy is 6.5.1
Como lle vai na natureza
Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List)1
Perigo para as persoas
4 / 5: Moi perigoso3

De onde veñen os datos

  1. Golden lancehead (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Bothrops insularis (iNaturalist): nomes e clasificación.
  3. Venom Wiki: o nivel de perigo, o tamaño típico e a velocidade estimada son nosos. Mira como os calculamos: Como valoramos o perigo.

Cada dato desta páxina ten un número que leva á súa fonte. Se nos equivocamos nalgo, sentímolo, somos fans dos animais, non unha revista científica. Dínolo en [email protected] e arranxarémolo.

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Máis do mesmo grupo: Víboras de foxeta

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Tamén vive en: América do Sur

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