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American toad

Anaxyrus americanus

BezopasnoBezopasno za ljude. Nema razloga za brigu.

Otrovne žabe, krastače i vodenjaci

Otrov u kožiJede: KukciOtrovno na dodir ili za jelo, ne ugrizom ili ubodom

Opasnost za ljude: BlagoKao ubod pčele ili slabije. Uglavnom bezopasno za ljude.

The American toad is a common toad found across the eastern half of Canada and the United States. It lives in forests, grasslands and gardens, and it breeds in shallow ponds and pools. It matters because it eats many insects and other small creatures, and its skin releases a substance that can irritate eyes and harm small animals such as dogs.1

Otrovno na dodir ili ugrizom? Životinje otrovne ugrizom ili ubodom ubrizgavaju otrov kad ugrizu ili ubodu. Životinje otrovne na dodir ili za jelo štetne su kad ih dotakneš ili pojedeš. Ova je otrovna na dodir ili za jelo.

Živi u

Eastern half of Canada and the United States1

Sjeverna Amerika

Početna

American toads need a semi-permanent freshwater pond or pool with shallow water for breeding, and dense patches of vegetation for cover and hunting. They can live almost anywhere with these features, from forests to flat grassland. They often shelter in burrows, under boards, flat stones, logs, woodpiles and window wells.1

Duljina

od 5 cm do 11 cm (od 2 in do 4,4 in)1

Najveća brzina

oko 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Na kopnu, gruba procjena

Što jede?

American toads eat crickets, mealworms, earthworms, ants, spiders, slugs, centipedes, moths and other small invertebrates. They are most active at night, and become active during the day after rain.1

Fotografija: American toad — American toad. Fotografija: unknown. CC0, iNaturalist.

Kako ga prepoznati

Adults are usually 5 to 9 cm long.1
Skin colour varies from yellow to brown to black, and can be solid or speckled. It changes with habitat colours, humidity, stress and temperature.1
Spots on the back contain only one or two warts, and the lower legs have enlarged warts.1
The parotoid glands are the same colour as the surrounding skin.1
Breeding males give a high trill lasting 6 to 30 seconds that sounds like a ringing telephone.1

Često se miješa s: Fowler's toad, Woodhouse's toad, the Canadian toad, the southern toad and the Gulf Coast toad can look similar. Fowler's toad never has a spotted belly, and its cranial crests touch the parotoid glands. The American toad's crests almost never touch the glands. The Canadian toad's crests join to form a raised bump, which the American toad's do not. The southern toad's crests form two distinct knobs.1

Snaga otrova

Otrov u koži

Koža mu je otrovna. Opasno ga je dirati, lizati ili jesti.

Što radi njegov otrov ako ga dotakneš ili pojedeš?

The American toad does not inject venom. Its parotoid glands secrete bufotoxin, a poisonous substance that makes the toad unpalatable to predators. It is a mild poison compared with other poisonous toads and frogs, but it can irritate human eyes and mucous membranes and is dangerous to smaller animals such as dogs when swallowed.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: BlagoKao ubod pčele ili slabije. Uglavnom bezopasno za ljude.

Bufotoxin is a mild poison. It can irritate human eyes and mucous membranes, and it is dangerous to smaller animals, such as dogs, if they swallow it.1

Što radi kad se uplaši?

When threatened, the toad releases bufotoxin from its parotoid glands, which makes it unpleasant to eat.1

Ako ga je netko dotaknuo ili pojeo

Ako ga je netko dotaknuo: dobro operi ruke i ne diraj oči ni usta. Ako ga je dijete ili kućni ljubimac polizao ili pojeo: nazovi centar za otrovanja ili broj za hitne slučajeve.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
Ako ga dotakneš ili pojedeš: ne trljaj oči ni usta, operi ruke i potraži liječničku pomoć.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Njegov otrov služi samo tome da ga nitko ne pojede. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

Afrika Azija Europa Sjeverna Amerika Južna Amerika Australija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

dugo kao 3 kockica za slaganje u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 180 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je American toad velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

Kornjača oko 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

American toad oko 2 km/h (1,2 mph)

Osoba koja hoda oko 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

Some American toads have lived for over 30 years, and one female was reported to be living healthily into her late 30s.1

Toads avoid mating with their siblings. Males' calls seem to help females recognise their close relatives.1

Toad tadpoles produce toxic chemicals in their skin that discourage some predators. Most fish learn quickly to avoid eating them.1

Their skin colour can change with their surroundings, humidity, stress and temperature.1

Tadpoles swim in very shallow water, often among thick grass, and gather in schools during the day to reduce predation.1

Toadlets often leave the water together in large groups and migrate to shaded forest areas near where they were bred.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv: Anaxyrus americanus
Skupina: Otrovne žabe, krastače i vodenjaci
Obitelj: Bufonidae2
Redoslijed: Anura
Kontinenti: Sjeverna Amerika
Mladunci: Females lay two long ropes containing 2,000 to 20,000 small black eggs, each 1 to 2 mm across, surrounded by jelly. The eggs hatch into tadpoles in 3 to 12 days.1
Životni vijek: oko 30 godina1
Opasnost za ljude: 1 / 5: Blago3

Odakle su činjenice

American toad (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Anaxyrus americanus (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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