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Black-necked spitting cobra

Naja nigricollis
O imenu: The scientific name comes from Latin: 'niger' means black and 'collis' means neck. The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra.1
Može ubitiBez liječenja te može ubiti. Ako te ugrize ili ti pljune otrov u oči, brzo potraži pomoć.
Kobre, mambe i kraiti Prska ili pljujeJede: Meso
Opasnost za ljude: Vrlo opasnoMože ubiti osobu koja ne dobije liječenje.

The black-necked spitting cobra is a venomous snake found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. It can squirt venom from its fangs at a threat, and that venom can cause permanent blindness if it gets into the eyes. Its colours vary a lot from place to place.1

Živi u
Mostly sub-Saharan Africa, in western, eastern, central and parts of southern Africa. Absent from the Congo Basin rainforests.1
Afrika
Početna
It usually lives in savanna and semi-desert, up to 1,800 metres, and also in moist savanna and cleared former forest, especially near rivers and streams. It is often met in villages and small towns, where it may come into direct contact with people. It hides in tree trunks, termite mounds and rodent holes.1
Duljina
od 1,2 m do 2,2 m (od 3,9 ft do 7,2 ft)1
Najveća brzina
oko 7,8 km/h (4,8 mph)
Na kopnu, gruba procjena
Što jede?
It feeds mainly on small rodents such as small rats and mice. It also eats birds, fishes, lizards, eggs and other snakes.1
Stvarno!Fotografija: Black-necked spitting cobra
Black-necked spitting cobra. Fotografija: Nigel Voaden. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Kako ga prepoznati

  • Moderately sized, with a moderately distinct head, and grows to 1.2 to 2.2 metres.1
  • Many specimens have a broad black neck band, often with an orange or pinkish bar on the neck.1
  • Colours vary by region: black or pale grey, yellowish-brown, deep reddish-brown, olive brown, striped black and white, or totally white with dark eyes.1
  • Some have a yellow or reddish belly, while others lack the neck bands and belly colour.1

Otrovna snaga

Prska ili pljuje

Prska ili pljuje tekućinu koja peče na napadače.

Što radi njegov otrov kad ugrize ili ubode?

Its venom is mostly cytotoxic, meaning it destroys cells, and it also has typical elapid neurotoxic (nerve-attacking) effects and cardiotoxic (heart-damaging) components. A bite causes severe bleeding from the wound, tissue death around the bite, and difficulty breathing. Venom in the eyes causes extreme burning pain, loss of coordination, partial loss of vision, and permanent blindness.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: Vrlo opasnoMože ubiti osobu koja ne dobije liječenje.

Its venom is medically significant. The death rate for untreated bites is about 5 to 10%, and under 1% in areas where it is common. When death occurs, it is usually from paralysis of the diaphragm, the muscle used for breathing.1

Što radi kad se uplaši?

It spits venom from its fangs at a threat, reaching up to 7 metres with good accuracy. It also bites readily, even with only slight provocation.1

Ako ugrize ili pljune

  • If venom gets into the eyes, it should be washed off, because permanent blindness can follow if it is not. Anyone bitten should get medical treatment, as untreated bites carry a much higher risk of death.1
  • Neka osoba miruje i bude smirena, skini prstenje i sve što steže i brzo je odvedi u bolnicu: liječi se protuotrovom.
  • Ako je otrov pljunut u oči, odmah ih ispiri s puno čiste vode.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

  • Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
  • Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
  • Ako te neka ugrize ili ti pljune otrov u oči: ne paniči, miruj, nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911) ili brzo idi u bolnicu. Zapamti kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaže.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Otrov koristi za lov hrane ili za obranu i mnogo bi se radije sakrilo. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

AfrikaAzijaEuropaSjeverna AmerikaJužna AmerikaAustralija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

Black-necked spitting cobra dugo oko 2,2 m (7,2 ft)Bicikl odrasle osobe oko 1,8 m (5,9 ft)Auto oko 4,5 m (15 ft)
dugo kao 4 kućnih mačaka od nosa do repadugo kao 12 banana poredanih u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 46 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je Black-necked spitting cobra velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

1

It can spit venom accurately more than 7 metres away.1

2

In 1944, a British eye surgeon, Major Harold Ridley, described eye damage from a spit from this cobra in Ghana. He treated the man and followed his case until the eye fully recovered.1

3

A single bite can deliver 200 to 350 mg of venom (dry weight), according to a 1974 study by Minton.1

4

It is an excellent tree climber and can live in trees at times.1

5

Wild-caught individuals tend to be nervous and spit readily, while captive-bred animals are much calmer.1

6

It can be active at night or during the day, depending on the season, location and temperature.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: Spitting cobras only spit venom and do not bite.

Istina: The black-necked spitting cobra also bites, and it will do so with only slight provocation.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv
Naja nigricollis
Skupina
Kobre, mambe i kraiti
Obitelj
Elapidae2
Redoslijed
Squamata
Kontinenti
Afrika
Mladunci
Females usually lay 10 to 15 eggs, though they can lay between 8 and 22. The young are about 20 to 25 cm long at birth and are fully independent.1
Opasnost za ljude
4 / 5: Vrlo opasno3

Odakle su činjenice

  1. Black-necked spitting cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja nigricollis (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
  3. Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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