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Caspian cobra

Naja oxiana

O imenu: Naja is a Latin form of the Sanskrit word for cobra, and oxiana comes from Oxus, the ancient name of the Amu Darya river.1

SmrtonosnoJedna od najsmrtonosnijih životinja na Zemlji. Ako te ugrize, odmah pozovi pomoć.Brza pomoć i protuotrov spašavaju većinu ljudi. Odmah nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve.

Kobre, mambe i kraiti

UgriziJede: Meso

Opasnost za ljude: SmrtonosnoJedna od najopasnijih životinja na svijetu.

The Caspian cobra is a highly venomous snake that lives in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. Many scientists consider it the most venomous cobra in the world. It is also a strong swimmer and a good climber.1

Živi u

Central Asia, Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, Pakistan and far northern India1

Azija

Početna

It lives in dry, rocky or stony foothills covered with shrubs or scrub, up to about 3,000 m above sea level. It is often found near water and rarely far from it, and it lives in holes in embankments or in trees.1

Duljina

od 1 m do 1,7 m (od 3,3 ft do 5,6 ft)1

Najveća brzina

oko 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

Na kopnu, gruba procjena

Što jede?

It feeds mostly on small mammals and amphibians, and sometimes on fish, birds and their eggs. It also reportedly eats other snakes.1

Fotografija: Caspian cobra — Caspian cobra. Fotografija: Omid Mozaffari. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako ga prepoznati

Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, with no hood marks and no spots on the throat.1
Juveniles are pale and faded, with dark and light cross-bands of about equal width around the body.1
The hood is long and tapers gradually, unlike the rounder hood of some other cobras.1
It has several dark bands under the throat.1
It is never fully black, although some individuals can be quite dark.1

Često se miješa s: The Caspian cobra is often confused with the Indian cobra, and the two live side by side in Pakistan and northern India. Indian cobras without a hood mark look similar. In the black form of the Indian cobra from Pakistan, almost the whole throat is black, while the Caspian cobra has several dark throat bands and is never fully black.1

Otrovna snaga

Ugrizi

Otrov izlazi kroz očnjake ili zube kad ugrize.

Što radi njegov otrov kad ugrize ili ubode?

Its venom is mainly neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and most of the venom is made of short neurotoxins. It also contains cytotoxins, which can kill cells, and enzymes called nucleases, which damage tissue at the bite. Severe pain and swelling appear quickly, and weakness, drowsiness and paralysis of the throat and limbs can appear within an hour. The venom can also affect the heart during the first few hours, and at least one heart attack after a bite has been recorded.1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: SmrtonosnoJedna od najopasnijih životinja na svijetu.

It is regarded as the most dangerous snake in Central Asia and has a high death rate. Between 1979 and 1987, 136 confirmed bites were attributed to it in the former Soviet Union. Of these, 8 people died after receiving antivenom, and 11 of the 15 who did not receive antivenom died. In Iran, it causes more deaths from snakebite than any other snake in the country. Without treatment, death can come in as little as 45 minutes or be delayed for up to 24 hours.1

Dobre vijesti: liječnici za ovo imaju lijek (protuotrov) ili liječenje.1

Što radi kad se uplaši?

It tends to avoid people, but when cornered or provoked it spreads its hood, hisses, sways from side to side and strikes repeatedly.1

Ako ugrize

Medical treatment with antivenom is essential, because untreated bites are often fatal. Symptoms can worsen rapidly without treatment, so urgent medical care is needed.1
Neka osoba miruje i bude smirena, skini prstenje i sve što steže i brzo je odvedi u bolnicu: liječi se protuotrovom.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
Ako te neka ugrize: ne paniči, miruj, nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911) ili brzo idi u bolnicu. Zapamti kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaže.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Otrov koristi za lov hrane ili za obranu i mnogo bi se radije sakrilo. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

Afrika Azija Europa Sjeverna Amerika Južna Amerika Australija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

dugo kao 3 kućnih mačaka od nosa do repadugo kao 9 banana poredanih u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 48 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je Caspian cobra velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

Osoba koja hoda oko 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

Caspian cobra oko 7,5 km/h (4,7 mph)

Dijete na biciklu oko 12 km/h (7,5 mph)

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

Many toxinological studies suggest that the Caspian cobra is the most venomous cobra in the world.1

A ribonuclease called ribonuclease V1, purified from its venom, is used as a laboratory reagent in molecular biology because it can break down structured RNA.1

It cannot spit venom, but it is a good climber and an able swimmer.1

It is the westernmost species of Asiatic cobra, and it can be found at heights of up to about 3,000 m.1

For most of the twentieth century it was treated as a subspecies of the Indian cobra, until genetic analysis showed it was a separate species.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: Caspian cobras are always black, like some Indian cobras.

Istina: The Caspian cobra is never fully black. Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, and it has several dark bands under the throat.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv: Naja oxiana
Skupina: Kobre, mambe i kraiti
Obitelj: Elapidae2
Redoslijed: Squamata
Kontinenti: Azija
Opasnost za ljude: 5 / 5: Smrtonosno3

Odakle su činjenice

Caspian cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Naja oxiana (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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