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Rhinoceros viper

Bitis nasicornis
O imenu: The common name refers to the horn-like scales on the end of its nose.1
Može ubitiBez liječenja te može ubiti. Ako te ugrize, brzo potraži pomoć.
Ljutice i riđovke UgriziJede: Meso
Opasnost za ljude: Vrlo opasnoMože ubiti osobu koja ne dobije liječenje.

The rhinoceros viper is a large, stout snake with bright colours and two or three horn-like scales on its nose. It lives in forests across West and Central Africa. It is venomous, and its venom is mainly hemotoxic, meaning it attacks the blood and circulation.1

Živi u
Forests of West and Central Africa, from Guinea and Liberia to Ghana, and from Central African Republic to Uganda and western Kenya1
Afrika
Početna
It mainly lives in forested areas and rarely goes into woodland. It hides by day in leaf litter, holes, around fallen trees or tangled tree roots. It is mainly on the ground but can climb into trees and thickets up to 3 m high, and is sometimes found in shallow pools.1
Duljina
od 72 cm do 1,1 m (od 2,4 ft do 3,5 ft)1
Najveća brzina
oko 3,6 km/h (2,2 mph)
Na kopnu, gruba procjena
Što jede?
It mainly eats small mammals, and in wetland habitats it also takes toads, frogs and fish. It hunts by ambush, often staying still for long periods while waiting for prey to pass by.1
Stvarno!Fotografija: Rhinoceros viper
Rhinoceros viper. Fotografija: Holger Krisp. CC BY 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Kako ga prepoznati

  • Large and stout, with rough, heavily keeled scales1
  • Two or three horn-like scales on the end of the nose, the front pair often long1
  • Series of blue or blue-green oblong markings, each with a lemon-yellow line down the centre, set within black blotches1
  • Dark crimson triangles down the flanks, bordered with green or blue1
  • Top of the head blue or green, with a black arrow mark1

Često se miješa s: The name horned puff adder is also used for Bitis caudalis (horned adder), which is a different species. Because of this, names can cause confusion, so the name butterfly viper is preferred.1

Otrovna snaga

Ugrizi

Otrov izlazi kroz očnjake ili zube kad ugrize.

Što radi njegov otrov kad ugrize ili ubode?

Its venom is mainly hemotoxic, which attacks the circulatory system, destroying tissue and blood vessels and causing internal bleeding. It also has a neurotoxic component, which attacks the nerves. Small doses of the venom can be deadly. In the few detailed reports of human bites, massive swelling was described, which may lead to necrosis (death of tissue).1

Koliko je opasno za ljude?

Opasnost za ljude: Vrlo opasnoMože ubiti osobu koja ne dobije liječenje.

Because its range is restricted, few bites have been reported and no statistics are available. In 2003 a man in Dayton, Ohio, who kept one as a pet, was bitten and died.1

Dobre vijesti: liječnici za ovo imaju lijek (protuotrov) ili liječenje.1

Što radi kad se uplaši?

When approached it often reveals its presence with a very loud hiss, almost a shriek, and it can strike quickly forwards or sideways without coiling first or giving a warning.1

Ako ugrize

  • Neka osoba miruje i bude smirena, drži ugriženi ud u visini srca, skini prstenje i sve što steže i brzo je odvedi u bolnicu.

Uvijek prvo nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911). Ovo su opće upute za prvu pomoć, a ne liječnički savjet. Osnove prve pomoći

Ostani na sigurnom

  • Nikad ne diraj, ne hvataj i ne zadirkuj divlju životinju, čak ni malu, i čak ni ako izgleda kao da spava ili je mrtva.
  • Ostavi joj prostora. Ako je sretneš, ne paniči, polako se odmakni i pusti je da ode svojim putem.
  • Ako te neka ugrize: ne paniči, miruj, nazovi broj za hitne slučajeve (112, 000, 911) ili brzo idi u bolnicu. Zapamti kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaže.

Ne želi ti ništa loše. Otrov koristi za lov hrane ili za obranu i mnogo bi se radije sakrilo. Više o sigurnosti

Gdje u svijetu?

AfrikaAzijaEuropaSjeverna AmerikaJužna AmerikaAustralija i Oceanija

Koliko je veliko?

Koliko je dugo?

Rhinoceros viper dugo oko 1,1 m (3,5 ft)Pas oko 1 m (3,3 ft)Odrasla osoba oko 1,7 m (5,6 ft)
dugo kao 2 kućnih mačaka od nosa do repadugo kao 6 banana poredanih u nizumoglo bi pretrčati 100 metara za 100 sekundi (najbržem čovjeku treba 9,6)

Koliko je Rhinoceros viper velika životinja u usporedbi s TOBOM?

Samo matematika u tvom pregledniku. Ništa se ne sprema niti šalje nikamo.

Koliko je brzo?

vrijedi znati

Činjenice

1

Its scales are so rough that they can cut people who handle a snake that is struggling.1

2

Its vivid colours break up its outline in the dappled light of the forest floor, so it is very hard to see.1

3

Its fangs are not large, rarely more than 1.5 cm long, and when not in use they fold up into the roof of its mouth.1

4

Its bright colours fade quickly after it sheds its skin, as silt from its moist habitat builds up on its rough scales.1

5

At least one antivenom, called India Antiserum Africa Polyvalent, protects specifically against bites from this species.1

Razbijač mitova

Mit: Its bright colours make it easy to spot in the forest.

Istina: Its colours give it excellent camouflage in the dappled light of the forest floor, which can make it almost invisible.1

Za stručnjake za otrove

Znanstveni naziv
Bitis nasicornis
Skupina
Ljutice i riđovke
Obitelj
Viperidae2
Redoslijed
Squamata
Kontinenti
Afrika
Mladunci
It gives birth to live young, between six and 38 in West Africa, in March and April at the start of the rainy season.1
Opasnost za ljude
4 / 5: Vrlo opasno3

Odakle su činjenice

  1. Bitis nasicornis (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Bitis nasicornis (iNaturalist): imena i klasifikacija.
  3. Venom Wiki: razina opasnosti, tipična veličina i procijenjena brzina naše su. Pogledaj kako ih izračunavamo: Kako ocjenjujemo opasnost.

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