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Gambar kartun Caspian cobra
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Caspian cobra

Naja oxiana
Tentang namanya: Naja is a Latin form of the Sanskrit word for cobra, and oxiana comes from Oxus, the ancient name of the Amu Darya river.1
MematikanSalah satu hewan paling mematikan di Bumi. Jika ia menggigitmu, segera minta bantuan.Bantuan cepat dan antibisa menyelamatkan kebanyakan orang. Segera hubungi nomor darurat.
Kobra, mamba, dan welang GigitanMakan: Daging
Bahaya bagi manusia: MematikanSalah satu hewan paling berbahaya di dunia.

The Caspian cobra is a highly venomous snake that lives in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. Many scientists consider it the most venomous cobra in the world. It is also a strong swimmer and a good climber.1

Hidup di
Central Asia, Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, Pakistan and far northern India1
Asia
Beranda
It lives in dry, rocky or stony foothills covered with shrubs or scrub, up to about 3,000 m above sea level. It is often found near water and rarely far from it, and it lives in holes in embankments or in trees.1
Panjang
1 m sampai 1,7 m (3,3 ft sampai 5,6 ft)1
Kecepatan tertinggi
sekitar 7,5 km/jam (4,7 mph)
Di darat, perkiraan kasar
Apa makanannya?
It feeds mostly on small mammals and amphibians, and sometimes on fish, birds and their eggs. It also reportedly eats other snakes.1
Beneran!Foto Caspian cobra
Caspian cobra. Foto: Omid Mozaffari. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Cara mengenalinya

  • Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, with no hood marks and no spots on the throat.1
  • Juveniles are pale and faded, with dark and light cross-bands of about equal width around the body.1
  • The hood is long and tapers gradually, unlike the rounder hood of some other cobras.1
  • It has several dark bands under the throat.1
  • It is never fully black, although some individuals can be quite dark.1

Sering tertukar dengan: The Caspian cobra is often confused with the Indian cobra, and the two live side by side in Pakistan and northern India. Indian cobras without a hood mark look similar. In the black form of the Indian cobra from Pakistan, almost the whole throat is black, while the Caspian cobra has several dark throat bands and is never fully black.1

Kekuatan bisa

Gigitan

Bisanya keluar lewat taring atau gigi saat menggigit.

Apa efek bisanya?

Its venom is mainly neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and most of the venom is made of short neurotoxins. It also contains cytotoxins, which can kill cells, and enzymes called nucleases, which damage tissue at the bite. Severe pain and swelling appear quickly, and weakness, drowsiness and paralysis of the throat and limbs can appear within an hour. The venom can also affect the heart during the first few hours, and at least one heart attack after a bite has been recorded.1

Seberapa berbahaya bagi manusia?

Bahaya bagi manusia: MematikanSalah satu hewan paling berbahaya di dunia.

It is regarded as the most dangerous snake in Central Asia and has a high death rate. Between 1979 and 1987, 136 confirmed bites were attributed to it in the former Soviet Union. Of these, 8 people died after receiving antivenom, and 11 of the 15 who did not receive antivenom died. In Iran, it causes more deaths from snakebite than any other snake in the country. Without treatment, death can come in as little as 45 minutes or be delayed for up to 24 hours.1

Kabar baik: dokter punya obat (antibisa) atau pengobatan untuk ini.1

Apa yang dilakukannya saat takut?

It tends to avoid people, but when cornered or provoked it spreads its hood, hisses, sways from side to side and strikes repeatedly.1

Jika ia menggigit

  • Medical treatment with antivenom is essential, because untreated bites are often fatal. Symptoms can worsen rapidly without treatment, so urgent medical care is needed.1
  • Jaga orangnya tetap diam dan tenang, lepaskan cincin dan benda yang ketat, lalu segera ke rumah sakit: pengobatannya adalah antibisa.

Selalu hubungi nomor darurat dulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan pertama umum, bukan nasihat medis. Dasar-dasar pertolongan pertama

Tetap aman

  • Jangan pernah menyentuh, menangkap, atau mengganggu hewan liar, walaupun kecil, dan walaupun tampak tidur atau mati.
  • Beri ia ruang. Jika bertemu, tetap tenang, mundur perlahan, dan biarkan ia pergi.
  • Jika ia menggigitmu: tetap tenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nomor darurat (112, 000, 911) atau segera ke rumah sakit. Ingat seperti apa rupanya, foto sangat membantu.

Ia tidak mengincarmu. Ia memakai bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia jauh lebih suka bersembunyi. Lebih lanjut tentang tetap aman

Di mana di dunia?

AfrikaAsiaEropaAmerika UtaraAmerika SelatanAustralia dan Oseania

Seberapa besar dia?

Seberapa panjang dia?

Caspian cobra panjangnya sekitar 1,7 m (5,6 ft)Orang dewasa sekitar 1,7 m (5,6 ft)Sepeda orang dewasa sekitar 1,8 m (5,9 ft)
sepanjang 3 kucing peliharaan dari hidung ke ekorsepanjang 9 pisang yang dijajarkanbisa menempuh 100 meter dalam 48 detik (manusia tercepat butuh 9,6)

Seberapa besar Caspian cobra dibandingkan KAMU?

Hanya hitungan di browsermu. Tidak ada yang disimpan atau dikirim ke mana pun.

Seberapa cepat dia?

layak diketahui

Fakta

1

Many toxinological studies suggest that the Caspian cobra is the most venomous cobra in the world.1

2

A ribonuclease called ribonuclease V1, purified from its venom, is used as a laboratory reagent in molecular biology because it can break down structured RNA.1

3

It cannot spit venom, but it is a good climber and an able swimmer.1

4

It is the westernmost species of Asiatic cobra, and it can be found at heights of up to about 3,000 m.1

5

For most of the twentieth century it was treated as a subspecies of the Indian cobra, until genetic analysis showed it was a separate species.1

Pembongkar mitos

Mitos: Caspian cobras are always black, like some Indian cobras.

Faktanya: The Caspian cobra is never fully black. Adults are light to chocolate brown or yellowish, and it has several dark bands under the throat.1

Untuk ahli bisa

Nama ilmiah
Naja oxiana
Kelompok
Kobra, mamba, dan welang
Keluarga
Elapidae2
Urutan
Squamata
Benua
Asia
Bahaya bagi manusia
5 / 5: Mematikan3

Dari mana faktanya berasal

  1. Caspian cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja oxiana (iNaturalist): nama dan klasifikasi.
  3. Venom Wiki: tingkat bahaya, ukuran umum, dan perkiraan kecepatan adalah buatan kami. Lihat cara kami menghitungnya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

Setiap fakta di halaman ini punya nomor yang menunjuk ke sumbernya. Kalau kami salah, maaf ya, kami penggemar hewan, bukan jurnal ilmiah. Beri tahu kami di [email protected] dan kami akan memperbaikinya.

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