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Colorado River toad

Incilius alvarius

Ọ chọrọ dọkịtaEmetụla ya akaỌ naghị egbukarị egbu, mana ọ bụrụ na mmadụ metụ ya aka ma ọ bụ rie ya, gaa n'ebe dọkịta.

Nsị n'akpụkpọ ahụ yaNri ya: AnụNwere nsị n'ahụ, ọ naghị agba nsị

Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ: Ọ dị njọỌ bụrụ na mmadụ metụ ya aka ma ọ bụ rie ya, gaa n'ebe dọkịta. Ọnwụ anaghị adịkarị ma ọlị.

The Colorado River toad is a large toad of the deserts of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. It is famous for the toxic, mind-altering secretions it releases from glands in its skin when threatened. These secretions can be deadly if swallowed, so it should be left alone.1

Nwere nsị n'ahụ ka ọ na-agba nsị? Anụmanụ na-agba nsị na-agbanye nsị site n'ịta ma ọ bụ ịgba. Anụmanụ nwere nsị n'ahụ na-emerụ ahụ ma e metụ ha aka ma ọ bụ rie ha. Nke a nwere nsị n'ahụ.

Ebe obibi

Northwestern Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua) and the southwestern United States, including Arizona and New Mexico1

Ugwu Amerika

Ụlọ

It lives in desert and semi-arid areas and is semiaquatic. People may find it in streams, near springs, in canals, drainage ditches and under water troughs. It often lives in rodent burrows and is active at night.1

Ogologo

19 cm (7.5 in)1

Ọsọ kacha elu

ihe dị ka 2 km/h (1.2 mph)

N'elu ala, nchepụta

Gịnị ka ọ na-eri?

It is an active forager that feeds on invertebrates, lizards, small mammals and amphibians.1

Foto Colorado River toad — Colorado River toad. Foto: Wildfeuer. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Otú ị ga-esi mata ya

Olive green or mottled brown colour1
Smooth, leathery skin1
A large golden eye with a horizontal pupil, with a bulging kidney-shaped gland just behind it1
A large circular pale green ear drum area below that gland1
A weak, low-pitched call described as a toot lasting less than a second1

Ike nsị

Nsị n'akpụkpọ ahụ ya

Akpụkpọ ahụ ya nwere nsị. Ọ dị egwu imetụ ya aka, iracha ya ma ọ bụ iri ya.

Gịnị ka nsị dị n'ahụ ya na-eme?

The toad releases poison from glands in its skin, including the large parotoid glands behind the eyes. The poison contains psychoactive compounds, including 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin, which affect the brain. It also contains digoxin-like cardiac glycosides, which act on the heart, and ingesting the poison can be fatal. In one reported case, a young woman who drank a tea made from toad preparation began vomiting and had difficulty breathing soon after, and died about two and a half hours later.1

Kedu otú o si dị egwu nye mmadụ?

Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ: Ọ dị njọỌ bụrụ na mmadụ metụ ya aka ma ọ bụ rie ya, gaa n'ebe dọkịta. Ọnwụ anaghị adịkarị ma ọlị.

The poison is potent enough to kill a grown dog, and dogs that attack toads have been paralysed or killed. Several cases of human poisoning from swallowing toad secretions or eggs have been reported, and at least one death from the ch'an su preparation has been recorded. The toad has also been linked to poisoning and at least one death from the use of related toad preparations as street drugs.1

Gịnị ka ọ na-eme mgbe ụjọ tụrụ ya?

When threatened, it releases toxins from glands in its skin.1

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ metụrụ ya aka ma ọ bụ rie ya

Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ metụrụ otu aka: saa aka nke ọma, emetụkwala anya ma ọ bụ ọnụ aka. Ọ bụrụ na nwatakịrị ma ọ bụ anụ ụlọ rachara otu ma ọ bụ rie ya: kpọọ ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ nsị (poison centre) ma ọ bụ nọmba mberede gị.

Na-ebu ụzọ kpọọ nọmba mberede gị mgbe niile (112, 000, 911). Nke a bụ ndụmọdụ enyemaka mbụ n'ozuzu, ọ bụghị ndụmọdụ ọgwụ. Isi ihe enyemaka mbụ

Nọrọ na nchekwa

Emetụla anụ ọhịa aka, ejidela ya, emekwala ya ihe ọjọọ, ọbụna obere, ọbụna ma ọ dị ka ọ na-ehi ụra ma ọ bụ nwụọ anwụ.
Nye ya ohere. Ọ bụrụ na ị zutere otu, dị jụụ, laghachi azụ nwayọ, hapụ ya ka ọ gaa ụzọ ya.
Ọ bụrụ na i metụrụ ya aka ma ọ bụ rie ya: ehichala anya gị ma ọ bụ ọnụ gị, saa aka gị, chọọkwa enyemaka ọgwụ.

Ọ naghị achụ gị. Nsị ya dị naanị ka ihe ọ bụla ghara iri ya. Ihe ndị ọzọ gbasara ịnọ na nchekwa

Ebee n'ụwa?

Afrịka Eshia Yurop Ugwu Amerika Ndịda Amerika Ọstrelia na Oshenia

Ọ hà aṅaa?

Kedu otú o si dị ogologo?

dị ogologo dị ka blọk egwuregwu 6 n'ahịrịnwere ike ịgba ọsọ mita 100 n'ime sekọnd 180 (mmadụ kacha ọsọ chọrọ 9,6)

Kedu otú Colorado River toad si hà ma e jiri ya tụnyere GỊ?

Naanị mgbakọ na mwepụ n'ime browser gị. Ọ dịghị ihe echekwara ma ọ bụ ezigara ebe ọ bụla.

Kedu otú o si agba ọsọ?

Mbe ihe dị ka 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

Colorado River toad ihe dị ka 2 km/h (1.2 mph)

Mmadụ na-aga ije ihe dị ka 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

ọ dị mma ịmara

Eziokwu

It is the only toad species in which bufotenin is present in large enough amounts to have a psychoactive effect.1

Raccoons have learned to pull a toad away from water by its back leg, turn it over and feed on its belly, which keeps them away from the poison glands.1

Unlike most vertebrates, it gets most of its water by absorbing it across its belly through a special area of skin called the seat patch.1

A female can lay up to 8,000 eggs.1

It is the largest toad in the United States, apart from the non-native cane toad.1

Onye na-ekpughe akụkọ ụgha

Akụkọ ụgha: Licking or smoking the toad's secretions is a safe way to get high or to treat illness.

Eziokwu: Swallowing the secretions has caused poisonings and deaths. Claims about its therapeutic use are unverified, and the US National Park Service has warned people not to handle or lick the toad.1

Maka ndị ọkachamara nsị

Aha sayensị: Incilius alvarius
Otu: Awọ nsị, awọ ala na newt
Ezinụlọ: Bufonidae2
Usoro: Anura
Kọntinent dị iche iche: Ugwu Amerika
Ụmụ ọhụrụ: Females lay eggs in ponds, slow-moving streams, temporary pools or man-made structures that hold water, and can lay up to 8,000 eggs in a long tube of jelly.1
Otú ọ na-eme n'ọhịa: Listed as threatened in New Mexico and California. A June 2025 study found that persistent trapping in Mexico has decimated several populations and put the species at risk of extinction.1
Ihe ize ndụ nye mmadụ: 3 / 5: Ọ dị njọ3

Ebe eziokwu ndị a si

Colorado River toad (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Incilius alvarius (iNaturalist): aha na nhazi ọkwa.
Venom Wiki: ọkwa ihe ize ndụ, nha nkịtị na nchepụta ọsọ bụ nke anyị. Lee otú anyị si achọpụta ha: Otú anyị si atụ ihe ize ndụ.

Eziokwu ọ bụla dị na peeji a nwere nọmba na-egosi ebe o si. Ọ bụrụ na anyị mehiere ihe, ndo, anyị bụ ndị hụrụ anụmanụ n'anya, ọ bụghị akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị. Gwa anyị na [email protected], anyị ga-edozi ya.

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