No. 0041 / 1 402

Common krait

Bungarus caeruleus

命にかかわる地球でいちばん命にかかわる動物のひとつ。かまれたら、すぐに助けを呼ぼう。すぐの手当てと抗毒素で、ほとんどの人は助かるよ。すぐに救急番号に電話しよう。

かむ食べもの：肉

The common krait is a highly venomous snake that lives across South Asia. It is shiny black or bluish-black with thin white crossbands. It causes more medically significant snakebites in the Indian subcontinent than any other snake, so knowing what it looks like matters.1

すんでいる場所

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, possibly Bhutan, with range extending west into Afghanistan and possibly parts of Iran1

アジア

ホーム

It lives in scrub jungles, grasslands, farmland, semi-desert, rocky ground and suburban gardens. It often takes shelter in termite mounds, rat burrows or under debris, and it is common near streams, canals and ponds. During the monsoon it often enters houses in search of shelter or prey.1

長さ

91 cmから1.8 m (3 ftから5.7 ft)1

最高速度

時速約6.9 km（時速4.3マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

It feeds mainly on other snakes, including venomous kraits and vipers. It also eats small rodents, lizards, birds and frogs. It hunts mostly at night.1

Common kraitの写真 — Common krait。写真：Prashantha Krishna M C。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

見分け方

Body is generally black or bluish-black.1
About 40 thin, white crossbars run along the body. They may be faint or missing near the head in adults.1
Young snakes have clear, well-defined crossbands, even near the head.1
Older snakes may show the white lines as a series of connected spots.1
The head is flat, the neck is hardly visible, and the tail is short and rounded.1

毒パワー

かむ

かむときに、毒が牙や歯から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves. It blocks signals between nerves and muscles, which leads to progressive paralysis. Victims often have severe abdominal cramps and shortness of breath. Death from respiratory failure, meaning the breathing muscles stop working, may follow in about 4 to 8 hours if untreated.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: 命にかかわる世界でいちばん危険な動物のひとつ。

It is responsible for the majority of medically significant snakebites in the Indian subcontinent. A clinical toxicology study reports an untreated mortality rate of 70 to 80 per cent. Bites often happen at night, when people are sleeping on the ground. The bite may cause little or no pain, which can delay treatment.1

いい知らせ：お医者さんには、これに効く薬（抗毒素）か治療法があるよ。1

こわいとき、どうするの？

When threatened, it coils tightly with its head tucked underneath, may flatten its body, or makes sudden movements as a warning. It rarely bites unless provoked, but it can be more aggressive at night if disturbed.1

かまれたら

The main treatment is antivenom given in hospital. It should be given promptly, because it becomes less effective once paralysis has set in. Get medical help straight away after any suspected bite, even if there is little pain or swelling.1
その人をじっとさせて落ちつかせ、指輪やきついものをはずして、急いで病院へ：治療には抗毒素が使われるよ。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本

安全に過ごそう

野生の動物には、小さくても、ねているように見えても、死んでいるように見えても、ぜったいにさわったり、つかまえたり、からかったりしないこと。
近づかないで。出会ったら落ちついて、ゆっくりあとずさりして、そのまま行かせてあげよう。
かまれたら：落ちついて、じっとして、救急番号（112、000、911）に電話するか、急いで病院へ行こう。見た目をおぼえておいてね。写真があると役に立つよ。

きみをねらっているわけじゃないよ。毒はエサをとったり身を守ったりするために使うだけで、本当はかくれていたいんだ。安全に過ごすためにもっと知ろう

世界のどこ？

アフリカアジアヨーロッパ北アメリカ南アメリカオーストラリアとオセアニア

どれくらい大きい？

どれくらい長い？

飼いネコ4匹を鼻からしっぽまでならべた長さバナナ10本をたてにならべた長さ100 mを52秒で走れる（いちばん速い人間は9.6秒）

Common kraitは、きみとくらべてどれくらい大きい？

ブラウザで計算しているだけ。何も保存されないし、どこにも送られないよ。

どれくらい速い？

歩いている人 時速約5 km (3.1 mph)

Common krait 時速約6.9 km (4.3 mph)

自転車に乗った子ども 時速約12 km (7.5 mph)

知っておく価値あり

データ

A bite from this snake often causes little or no pain and almost no swelling or bleeding, which can make it hard to find the bite mark.1

Its venom is one of the most potent of any Indian snake, and the estimated lethal dose for a human is 2 to 3 mg.1

Its venom contains no clotting or tissue-destroying agents, which is why there is no local damage at the bite site.1

Neostigmine, a drug that works against cobra venom, does not work against common krait venom.1

It is mostly active at night and rarely meets people during the day.1

Its stable population has been helped by its ability to adapt to farmland and villages.1

うそ・ほんとう

うそ： A bite that does not hurt is harmless.

ほんとう： The bite often causes little pain, but severe paralysis and breathing failure can follow. The lack of pain can give false reassurance.1

毒のエキスパート向け

学名: Bungarus caeruleus
グループ: コブラ、マンバ、アマガサヘビ
家族: Elapidae2
ならびかえ: Squamata
大陸: アジア
赤ちゃん: It lays 5 to 15 eggs in leaf litter or burrows. The female guards the eggs until they hatch after about 60 days. Hatchlings are fully independent and already carry venom.1
人への危険: 5 / 5: 命にかかわる3