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Jack jumper ant

Myrmecia pilosula

名前について： The specific name pilosula comes from the Latin word pilosa, meaning 'covered with soft hair'. The common name 'jack jumper' comes from its jumping motion.1

お医者さんが必要命にかかわることはまれだけど、刺されたらお医者さんへ。

アリ

刺す食べもの：昆虫

人への危険: 深刻刺されたらお医者さんへ。死ぬことはとてもまれだよ。

The jack jumper ant is a venomous ant native to Australia. It is most common in Tasmania and south-east mainland Australia, and it is known for jumping long distances when it is disturbed. Its sting is usually mild, but it is one of the few ants that can be dangerous to people.1

すんでいる場所

Australia, mostly Tasmania and south-east mainland; widespread in most of Australia; not verified in the Northern Territory1

オーストラリアとオセアニア

ホーム

Jack jumper ants live in open places such as gardens, lawns, pastures, woodlands and dry open forests, usually on fine gravel and sandy soil. In suburbs they build nests in rockeries, cracks in concrete walls and grass, and they are less common in urban areas.1

長さ

1.1 cmから1.6 cm (0.4 inから0.6 in)1

最高速度

時速約0.19 km（時速0.12マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

Jack jumper ants prey on small insects. They kill other insects by injecting venom through a barbless stinger. Their food also includes nectar.1

Jack jumper antの写真 — Jack jumper ant。写真：Tony Eales。 CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

見分け方

Black or blackish-red body, sometimes with yellow or orange legs1
Antennae, lower legs and mandibles (jaws) are yellow or orange1
Workers are medium-sized, about 12 to 14 mm long1
Grey, short hair on the body, longer on the back part of the abdomen1
Leaps about 51 to 76 mm when disturbed, and forms mounds of gravel and soil as nests1

よくまちがえられるのは： Other Myrmecia ants, such as M. nigrocincta, also jump when disturbed, so jumping alone does not identify this species.1

毒パワー

刺す

毒は針から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

The venom is unusually likely to cause allergy for an insect venom. In most people a sting causes only a mild reaction at the site. In people who are allergic, it can cause anaphylaxis, a severe whole-body reaction with a faster heart rate and falling blood pressure.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: 深刻刺されたらお医者さんへ。死ぬことはとてもまれだよ。

Most stings cause only a mild local reaction, but the jack jumper is one of the few ants that can be dangerous to humans. The venom causes about 90% of ant allergies in Australia. In areas where it lives, up to 3% of people may be allergic, and about half of those can have anaphylaxis, which rarely leads to death. Between 1980 and 2000, four people died from anaphylaxis caused by jack jumper stings, all in Tasmania.1

こわいとき、どうするの？

When disturbed, they become aggressive towards humans, and they can see and follow an intruder from about 1 m away.1

刺されたら

For people prone to severe allergic reactions, the treatment is allergen immunotherapy, also called desensitisation.1
刺されたところを洗って冷やそう。
その人が息をするのが苦しい、顔やのどがはれている、または気が遠くなりそうなら、アレルギーの緊急事態だよ：救急番号に電話しよう。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本