No. 0678 / 1 402

Noble false widow

Steatoda nobilis

名前について： It is called a false widow because it looks like the black widow spider, although it belongs to a different group of spiders.1

痛いだけ痛いけど、大きな害はないよ。

クモ

かむ食べもの：肉

人への危険: 痛いすごく痛いこともあるけど、深刻になることはほとんどないよ。

The noble false widow is a spider that looks a lot like the black widow, which is why it has its name. It is now found in many parts of the world, including Europe, the United States and New Zealand, and it is one of the world's most invasive spiders. Its bite can be painful, so it is worth knowing what it looks like.1

すんでいる場所

Native to Madeira and the Canary Islands. Now established across Europe, parts of the USA, North Africa, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and New Zealand.1

ヨーロッパ, アフリカ

ホーム

It lives both indoors and outdoors all year round, in places such as cacti, agave, roadside cuttings, demolished buildings, telegraph poles, concrete fence posts and ivy on walls. Seaside cities and villages with a mild climate are especially good places for it.1

長さ

7 mmから1.4 cm (0.3 inから0.6 in)1

最高速度

時速約0.86 km（時速0.53マイル）

陸で, おおまかな予想

何を食べるの？

It eats both insects and other spiders, woodlice, and small vertebrates such as pipistrelle bats and a pygmy shrew. It catches prey with an 'attack wrap', wrapping silk around the victim while it bites, and its venom quickly paralyses the prey.1

Noble false widowの写真 — Noble false widow。写真：Dustin Edmundson。 CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

見分け方

The abdomen (rear body) is brown and rounded, with cream markings that are often said to look like a skull.1
The legs are reddish-orange.1
Adult females are about 9.5 to 14 mm in size, and males are about 7 to 11 mm.1
It is larger than other spiders in its genus, Steatoda, and has a typical colour pattern.1

よくまちがえられるのは： It is often mistaken for the black widow (Latrodectus) and other false widow species. It can be told apart from the black widow by its larger size within its genus and its typical colouring, though many spiders in this group look similar.1

毒パワー

かむ

かむときに、毒が牙や歯から出るよ。

その毒（かむ・刺す毒）はどうなるの？

Most of its venom is made of toxins similar to those of the widow spiders, mainly alpha-latrotoxin. This toxin makes holes in nerve cells, which releases chemical messengers and blocks the signals between nerves and muscles, causing paralysis. In people, the venom is most noticeable as pain at the bite site, along with swelling, redness and fever.1

人にとってどれくらい危険？

人への危険: 痛いすごく痛いこともあるけど、深刻になることはほとんどないよ。

It is considered moderately medically significant. Most bites cause symptoms similar to a bee or wasp sting, but some can be more serious, partly because of bacteria. It is considered one of the most dangerous spiders in western Europe. Bites from males are less severe than bites from females, and the bite itself is usually painless, with pain coming from the venom.1

かまれたら

Without proper treatment, a bite wound can become infected and develop into gangrene or sepsis, so medical care should be sought.1
かまれたところを洗って、痛みには保冷剤をあてよう。痛みが強い、広がる、またはその人の具合が悪いときは、医療の助けを受けて。

まず必ず救急番号（112、000、911）に電話しよう。これは一般的な応急手当の案内で、医療のアドバイスではないよ。応急手当の基本

安全に過ごそう

野生の動物には、小さくても、ねているように見えても、死んでいるように見えても、ぜったいにさわったり、つかまえたり、からかったりしないこと。
近づかないで。出会ったら落ちついて、ゆっくりあとずさりして、そのまま行かせてあげよう。
かまれたら：落ちついて、じっとして、救急番号（112、000、911）に電話するか、急いで病院へ行こう。見た目をおぼえておいてね。写真があると役に立つよ。

きみをねらっているわけじゃないよ。毒はエサをとったり身を守ったりするために使うだけで、本当はかくれていたいんだ。安全に過ごすためにもっと知ろう

世界のどこ？

アフリカアジアヨーロッパ北アメリカ南アメリカオーストラリアとオセアニア

どれくらい大きい？

どれくらい長い？

きみのつめの上にのるくらい小さい

Noble false widowは、きみとくらべてどれくらい大きい？

ブラウザで計算しているだけ。何も保存されないし、どこにも送られないよ。

どれくらい速い？

リクガメ 時速約0.3 km (0.19 mph)

Noble false widow 時速約0.86 km (0.53 mph)

歩いている人 時速約5 km (3.1 mph)

知っておく価値あり

データ

The spider often catches prey much larger than itself, including bats, because its venom works quickly.1

It can survive without drinking water, getting all its liquid from its prey.1

Males court females by tapping the web and vibrating their bodies, and they can make scraping sounds with their abdomens.1

It has poor eyesight and relies mainly on vibrations travelling through its web.1

It produces three-dimensional cobwebs, and its silk is unusually strong for its genus.1

One adult female lived almost five and a half years in captivity, and adult females are long-lived.1

うそ・ほんとう

うそ： It is the same spider as the black widow.

ほんとう： It only looks similar to the black widow. It belongs to the genus Steatoda, while the black widow belongs to the genus Latrodectus.1

毒のエキスパート向け

学名: Steatoda nobilis
グループ: クモ
家族: Theridiidae2
ならびかえ: Araneae
大陸: ヨーロッパ, アフリカ
赤ちゃん: Females make egg sacs containing an average of 94 eggs, with a range of 34 to 208 eggs. The young hatch inside the egg sac about 18 days after the eggs are laid.1
寿命: 約5年1
人への危険: 2 / 5: 痛い3