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Brown recluse

Loxosceles reclusa

이름에 대해: The scientific name reclusa means 'recluse', which refers to the spider's shy, hidden way of life.1

의사가 필요해치명적인 경우는 드물지만, 물리면 의사에게 가야 해.

거미

물어먹이: 고기

사람에게 위험한 정도: 심각물리면 의사에게 가야 해. 죽는 일은 아주 드물어.

The brown recluse is a small spider with a violin-shaped mark on its back. It lives mainly in the central and southern United States, where it hides in dark, quiet places such as woodpiles and sheds. It is one of only two North American spiders with dangerous venom, the other being the black widow.1

사는 곳

Southern and central United States, from southeastern Nebraska south to central Texas and western Georgia1

북아메리카

홈

Brown recluses build irregular webs in dry, undisturbed places such as woodpiles, sheds, closets, garages, plenum spaces and cellars. In homes they seem to favour cardboard. People are usually bitten when the spider is trapped against the skin, for example inside clothes, shoes, towels, bedding or work gloves.1

길이

6 mm~2 cm (0.2 in~0.8 in)1

최고 속도

약 0.8 km/h (0.5 mph)

땅에서, 대략적인 추측

뭘 먹을까?

Brown recluses leave their lairs at night to hunt, unlike most web-weaving spiders. If food becomes scarce, they will occasionally, though not habitually, eat other brown recluses.1

Brown recluse 사진 — Brown recluse. 사진: Rosa Pineda. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

알아보는 법

A dark violin-shaped marking on the top of the front body, with the neck of the violin pointing towards the rear of the spider1
Typically light to medium brown, though colours range from whitish to dark brown or blackish grey1
Six eyes arranged in three pairs, while most spiders have eight1
No obvious patterns on the abdomen or legs, and no spines on the legs1
Usually 6 to 20 millimetres in body length, but may grow larger1

자주 헷갈리는 동물: The violin marking is not a reliable identifier, because cellar spiders and pirate spiders can have similar markings. The Mediterranean recluse, an introduced species, is almost indistinguishable from the brown recluse, so many reports of recluses are misidentifications. A spider in the genus Titiotus is the most common spider mistaken for a brown recluse in California, and its bite is considered harmless.1

독의 힘

물어

물 때 독니나 이빨로 독이 나와.

이 독(물거나 쏘는 독)은 어떤 작용을 할까?

The venom is necrotic, meaning it destroys tissue. It contains a dermonecrotic agent called sphingomyelinase D, which kills the skin around the bite. In some cases the venom spreads through the body within minutes, causing nausea, vomiting, fever, rashes and muscle and joint pain. Rarely, it can burst red blood cells (hemolysis).1

사람에게 얼마나 위험할까?

사람에게 위험한 정도: 심각물리면 의사에게 가야 해. 죽는 일은 아주 드물어.

Most bites cause no skin damage, and the spider is rarely aggressive. In one clinical study, skin necrosis occurred in 37% of diagnosed bites and systemic illness in 14%. Rarely, bites can cause organ damage or death. Most fatalities have been in children under seven or in people with weak immune systems. Children, the elderly and seriously ill people may be more susceptible to systemic effects.1

무서울 때 어떻게 할까?

When alarmed, it lowers its body, raises its pedipalps and stands still in a defensive pose. It usually flees, and if caught it may play dead.1

물면

물린 곳을 씻고, 통증에는 얼음주머니를 대. 통증이 심하거나, 퍼지거나, 그 사람이 몸이 안 좋으면 의료 도움을 받아.

언제나 먼저 응급 번호(112, 000, 911)에 전화해. 이건 일반적인 응급처치 안내이고, 의학적 조언이 아니야. 응급처치 기본

안전하게 지내

야생 동물은 작더라도, 자거나 죽은 것처럼 보이더라도 절대 만지거나, 잡거나, 괴롭히지 마.
거리를 둬. 마주치면 침착하게 천천히 뒤로 물러나서 제 갈 길을 가게 해 줘.
물렸다면: 침착하게, 가만히 있고, 응급 번호(112, 000, 911)에 전화하거나 빨리 병원에 가. 생김새를 기억해 둬. 사진이 있으면 도움이 돼.

너를 노리는 게 아니야. 독은 먹이를 잡거나 자기를 지키려고 쓰는 거고, 사실은 숨는 걸 훨씬 좋아해. 안전하게 지내는 법 더 보기

세계 어디에?

아프리카 아시아 유럽 북아메리카 남아메리카 호주와 오세아니아

얼마나 클까?

얼마나 길까?

클립 정도의 길이

Brown recluse, 너와 비교하면 얼마나 클까?

브라우저에서 계산만 해. 아무것도 저장되거나 어디로도 보내지지 않아.

얼마나 빠를까?

육지거북 약 0.3 km/h (0.19 mph)

Brown recluse 약 0.8 km/h (0.5 mph)

걷는 사람 약 5 km/h (3.1 mph)

알아 둘 만해

사실

One brown recluse survived for over five seasons in captivity without any food at all.1

In 2001, more than 2,000 brown recluses were removed from a heavily infested home in Kansas, yet the four residents who had lived there for years were never harmed.1

When a leg is lost, the brown recluse does not grow a new one in later moults, unlike the huntsman spider.1

Brown recluses do not balloon, which limits how far they can spread across the landscape.1

Males move around more when hunting than females, which tend to stay near their webs.1

오해 바로잡기

오해: Brown recluses are common in California and the western United States, where they cause many bites.

진실: The brown recluse has not established itself in California or anywhere outside its native range. Many reported bites there are misdiagnosed, and other spiders are often wrongly identified as brown recluses.1

독 전문가를 위해

학명: Loxosceles reclusa
무리: 거미
가족: Sicariidae2
정렬: Araneae
대륙: 북아메리카
아기: Each female produces several egg sacs between May and July, with about 50 eggs in each sac. The eggs hatch in about one month, and the young take about a year to reach adulthood.1
사람에게 위험한 정도: 3 / 5: 심각3