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Kartun Black-necked spitting cobra
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Black-necked spitting cobra

Naja nigricollis
Tentang nama: The scientific name comes from Latin: 'niger' means black and 'collis' means neck. The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra.1
Boleh membunuhBoleh membunuh kamu tanpa rawatan. Jika ia menggigit kamu atau meludah bisa ke mata kamu, dapatkan bantuan dengan cepat.
Ular tedung, mamba & katam Menyembur atau meludahMakan: Daging
Bahaya kepada manusia: Sangat berbahayaIa boleh membunuh orang yang tidak mendapat rawatan.

The black-necked spitting cobra is a venomous snake found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. It can squirt venom from its fangs at a threat, and that venom can cause permanent blindness if it gets into the eyes. Its colours vary a lot from place to place.1

Hidup di
Mostly sub-Saharan Africa, in western, eastern, central and parts of southern Africa. Absent from the Congo Basin rainforests.1
Afrika
Laman utama
It usually lives in savanna and semi-desert, up to 1,800 metres, and also in moist savanna and cleared former forest, especially near rivers and streams. It is often met in villages and small towns, where it may come into direct contact with people. It hides in tree trunks, termite mounds and rodent holes.1
Panjang
1.2 m hingga 2.2 m (3.9 ft hingga 7.2 ft)1
Kelajuan maksimum
kira-kira 7.8 km/j (4.8 mph)
Di darat, anggaran kasar
Apa yang ia makan?
It feeds mainly on small rodents such as small rats and mice. It also eats birds, fishes, lizards, eggs and other snakes.1
Betul-betul!Gambar Black-necked spitting cobra
Black-necked spitting cobra. Gambar: Nigel Voaden. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Cara mengenalinya

  • Moderately sized, with a moderately distinct head, and grows to 1.2 to 2.2 metres.1
  • Many specimens have a broad black neck band, often with an orange or pinkish bar on the neck.1
  • Colours vary by region: black or pale grey, yellowish-brown, deep reddish-brown, olive brown, striped black and white, or totally white with dark eyes.1
  • Some have a yellow or reddish belly, while others lack the neck bands and belly colour.1

Kuasa bisa

Menyembur atau meludah

Ia menyembur atau meludah cecair pedih kepada penyerang.

Apa kesan bisanya?

Its venom is mostly cytotoxic, meaning it destroys cells, and it also has typical elapid neurotoxic (nerve-attacking) effects and cardiotoxic (heart-damaging) components. A bite causes severe bleeding from the wound, tissue death around the bite, and difficulty breathing. Venom in the eyes causes extreme burning pain, loss of coordination, partial loss of vision, and permanent blindness.1

Berapa bahaya ia kepada manusia?

Bahaya kepada manusia: Sangat berbahayaIa boleh membunuh orang yang tidak mendapat rawatan.

Its venom is medically significant. The death rate for untreated bites is about 5 to 10%, and under 1% in areas where it is common. When death occurs, it is usually from paralysis of the diaphragm, the muscle used for breathing.1

Apa yang ia buat apabila takut?

It spits venom from its fangs at a threat, reaching up to 7 metres with good accuracy. It also bites readily, even with only slight provocation.1

Jika ia menggigit atau meludah

  • If venom gets into the eyes, it should be washed off, because permanent blindness can follow if it is not. Anyone bitten should get medical treatment, as untreated bites carry a much higher risk of death.1
  • Pastikan orang itu tidak bergerak dan tenang, tanggalkan cincin dan barang yang ketat, dan pergi ke hospital dengan segera: rawatannya ialah antibisa.
  • Jika bisa disembur ke dalam mata, bilas mata dengan banyak air bersih dengan segera.

Sentiasa hubungi nombor kecemasan dahulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan cemas umum, bukan nasihat perubatan. Asas pertolongan cemas

Kekal selamat

  • Jangan sesekali sentuh, tangkap atau usik haiwan liar, walaupun yang kecil, dan walaupun ia nampak tidur atau mati.
  • Beri ia ruang. Jika kamu terjumpa, bertenang, undur perlahan-lahan dan biarkan ia pergi.
  • Jika ia menggigit kamu atau meludah bisa ke mata kamu: bertenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nombor kecemasan (112, 000, 911) atau pergi ke hospital dengan segera. Ingat rupanya, gambar boleh membantu.

Ia bukan mahu memburu kamu. Ia guna bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia lebih suka bersembunyi. Lagi tentang keselamatan

Di mana di dunia?

AfrikaAsiaEropahAmerika UtaraAmerika SelatanAustralia & Oceania

Berapa besar ia?

Berapa panjang ia?

Black-necked spitting cobra panjangnya kira-kira 2.2 m (7.2 ft)Basikal orang dewasa kira-kira 1.8 m (5.9 ft)Kereta kira-kira 4.5 m (15 ft)
sepanjang 4 ekor kucing rumah dari hidung ke ekorsepanjang 12 biji pisang disusun hujung ke hujungboleh melepasi 100 meter dalam 46 saat (manusia paling laju perlukan 9.6)

Berapa besar Black-necked spitting cobra berbanding KAMU?

Hanya matematik dalam pelayar kamu. Tiada apa yang disimpan atau dihantar ke mana-mana.

Berapa laju ia?

berguna untuk diketahui

Fakta

1

It can spit venom accurately more than 7 metres away.1

2

In 1944, a British eye surgeon, Major Harold Ridley, described eye damage from a spit from this cobra in Ghana. He treated the man and followed his case until the eye fully recovered.1

3

A single bite can deliver 200 to 350 mg of venom (dry weight), according to a 1974 study by Minton.1

4

It is an excellent tree climber and can live in trees at times.1

5

Wild-caught individuals tend to be nervous and spit readily, while captive-bred animals are much calmer.1

6

It can be active at night or during the day, depending on the season, location and temperature.1

Pemecah mitos

Mitos: Spitting cobras only spit venom and do not bite.

Hakikat: The black-necked spitting cobra also bites, and it will do so with only slight provocation.1

Untuk pakar bisa

Nama saintifik
Naja nigricollis
Kumpulan
Ular tedung, mamba & katam
Keluarga
Elapidae2
Susunan
Squamata
Benua-benua
Afrika
Anak
Females usually lay 10 to 15 eggs, though they can lay between 8 and 22. The young are about 20 to 25 cm long at birth and are fully independent.1
Bahaya kepada manusia
4 / 5: Sangat berbahaya3

Dari mana fakta datang

  1. Black-necked spitting cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Naja nigricollis (iNaturalist): nama dan pengelasan.
  3. Venom Wiki: tahap bahaya, saiz biasa dan anggaran kelajuan adalah penilaian kami sendiri. Lihat cara kami mengiranya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

Setiap fakta di halaman ini ada nombor yang menunjuk kepada sumbernya. Jika kami tersilap, maaf, kami peminat haiwan, bukan jurnal sains. Beritahu kami di [email protected] dan kami akan betulkan.

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