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Kartun Rinkhals
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Rinkhals

Hemachatus haemachatus
Perlu jumpa doktorJarang membawa maut, tetapi gigitan atau bisa di dalam mata perlu dirawat doktor.
Ular tedung, mamba & katam Menyembur atau meludahMakan: Daging
Bahaya kepada manusia: SeriusGigitan atau bisa di dalam mata perlu dirawat doktor. Kematian sangat jarang berlaku.

The rinkhals is a venomous snake that lives in southern Africa. It is often called the ring-necked spitting cobra, but it is not a true cobra. It is known for spitting venom at threats rather than relying on its bite.1

Hidup di
Southern Africa: South Africa, Lesotho and Eswatini, with an isolated Zimbabwe population that may be extinct1
Afrika
Laman utama
It prefers grasslands, from the coast up to altitudes of 2,000 m. It is extremely common on the Highveld and in the grasslands of KwaZulu-Natal. Because it eats frogs and toads, it is often found near wetlands.1
Panjang
90 cm hingga 1.1 m (3 ft hingga 3.6 ft)1
Kelajuan maksimum
kira-kira 6.9 km/j (4.3 mph)
Di darat, anggaran kasar
Apa yang ia makan?
It hunts during the daytime and will prey on any vertebrate small enough to eat. Toads are its most common food in the wild, but it also eats rodents and small lizards.1
Betul-betul!Gambar Rinkhals
Rinkhals. Gambar: ProfbergerLee R. Berger. CC BY-SA 3.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Cara mengenalinya

  • Its belly is dark, with one or two light-coloured crossbands on the throat.1
  • Its usual total length, including the tail, is 90 to 110 cm.1
  • Colour varies. Some individuals are mostly black, while others are striped.1
  • When distressed, it spreads its hood to show a striped neck.1
  • Its dorsal scales are keeled, which means they have a ridge down the middle.1

Sering dikelirukan dengan: It closely resembles true cobras, which belong to the genus Naja. Its keeled dorsal scales and the lack of solid teeth on the maxilla (upper jaw bone) set it apart, and these differences are why it is placed in its own genus, Hemachatus.1

Kuasa bisa

Menyembur atau meludah

Ia menyembur atau meludah cecair pedih kepada penyerang.

Apa kesan bisanya?

Its venom is neurotoxic, meaning it attacks the nerves, and partially cytotoxic, meaning it destroys body tissue. A bite causes great pain and can lead to necrosis (death of tissue). General symptoms include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, violent abdominal pain, cramps and vertigo, and local swelling and bruising occur in about a quarter of cases.1

Berapa bahaya ia kepada manusia?

Bahaya kepada manusia: SeriusGigitan atau bisa di dalam mata perlu dirawat doktor. Kematian sangat jarang berlaku.

Bites are rare, because the snake relies on other defences first. Most bites happen when people try to handle it. No fatality from a rinkhals bite has been recorded in over 40 years.1

Berita baik: doktor ada ubat (antibisa) atau rawatan untuk ini.1

Apa yang ia buat apabila takut?

When threatened, it spreads its hood, hisses and lunges while spitting venom accurately up to 3 m, usually aiming at the face and eyes. If other defences fail, it may bite, and it can also roll over with its mouth open and tongue out.1

Jika ia menggigit atau meludah

  • Polyvalent antivenom is effective for treating rinkhals envenomation. If venom gets into the eyes, it causes great pain and inflammation, and corneal damage can occur if left untreated. Timely first aid and eye-washing will usually lead to recovery after a few days.1
  • Pastikan orang itu tidak bergerak dan tenang, tanggalkan cincin dan barang yang ketat, dan pergi ke hospital dengan segera: rawatannya ialah antibisa.
  • Jika bisa disembur ke dalam mata, bilas mata dengan banyak air bersih dengan segera.

Sentiasa hubungi nombor kecemasan dahulu (112, 000, 911). Ini panduan pertolongan cemas umum, bukan nasihat perubatan. Asas pertolongan cemas

Kekal selamat

  • Jangan sesekali sentuh, tangkap atau usik haiwan liar, walaupun yang kecil, dan walaupun ia nampak tidur atau mati.
  • Beri ia ruang. Jika kamu terjumpa, bertenang, undur perlahan-lahan dan biarkan ia pergi.
  • Jika ia menggigit kamu atau meludah bisa ke mata kamu: bertenang, jangan bergerak, hubungi nombor kecemasan (112, 000, 911) atau pergi ke hospital dengan segera. Ingat rupanya, gambar boleh membantu.

Ia bukan mahu memburu kamu. Ia guna bisanya untuk menangkap makanan atau melindungi diri, dan ia lebih suka bersembunyi. Lagi tentang keselamatan

Di mana di dunia?

AfrikaAsiaEropahAmerika UtaraAmerika SelatanAustralia & Oceania

Berapa besar ia?

Berapa panjang ia?

Rinkhals panjangnya kira-kira 1.1 m (3.6 ft)Anjing kira-kira 1 m (3.3 ft)Orang dewasa kira-kira 1.7 m (5.6 ft)
sepanjang 2 ekor kucing rumah dari hidung ke ekorsepanjang 6 biji pisang disusun hujung ke hujungboleh melepasi 100 meter dalam 52 saat (manusia paling laju perlukan 9.6)

Berapa besar Rinkhals berbanding KAMU?

Hanya matematik dalam pelayar kamu. Tiada apa yang disimpan atau dihantar ke mana-mana.

Berapa laju ia?

berguna untuk diketahui

Fakta

1

When threatened, it can play dead by rolling onto its back with its mouth open and tongue out. This behaviour, called thanatosis, is also seen in some other snakes.1

2

It can spit venom accurately at targets up to 3 m away and has good control over its venom glands.1

3

Unlike true cobras, which lay eggs, it gives birth to live young.1

4

It is not a true cobra. It belongs to its own genus, Hemachatus, which has only one species.1

Pemecah mitos

Mitos: The rinkhals is a true cobra.

Hakikat: It bears a great resemblance to true cobras, but it belongs to the genus Hemachatus rather than Naja, so it is not a true cobra.1

Untuk pakar bisa

Nama saintifik
Hemachatus haemachatus
Kumpulan
Ular tedung, mamba & katam
Keluarga
Elapidae2
Susunan
Squamata
Benua-benua
Afrika
Anak
It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. A litter usually has around 20 to 30 young, though some females give birth to over 60, typically in late summer (December to March in the southern hemisphere).1
Bahaya kepada manusia
3 / 5: Serius3

Dari mana fakta datang

  1. Rinkhals (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Hemachatus haemachatus (iNaturalist): nama dan pengelasan.
  3. Venom Wiki: tahap bahaya, saiz biasa dan anggaran kelajuan adalah penilaian kami sendiri. Lihat cara kami mengiranya: Cara kami menilai bahaya.

Setiap fakta di halaman ini ada nombor yang menunjuk kepada sumbernya. Jika kami tersilap, maaf, kami peminat haiwan, bukan jurnal sains. Beritahu kami di [email protected] dan kami akan betulkan.

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