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Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium

Ni dhukkubsa qofaHin tuqinNi dhukkubsa, garuu cimsee si hin miidhu.

Raacha summaa'aa, raacha lafaa fi newt

Gogaa isaa keessa summiiNyaata: FoonSummaa'aa, summii qabeessa (ciniinee ykn iddee) miti

Balaa namootaaf: Ni dhukkubsaBaay'ee dhukkubsuu danda'a, garuu gonkumaa jechuun ni danda'ama cimaa hin ta'u.

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

Summaa'aa moo summii qabeessa? Bineensonni summii qabeessi ciniinnaa ykn iddiidhaan summii qaama keessa galchu. Bineensonni summaa'oon tuquun ykn nyaachuun miidhaa qabu. Kun summaa'aa dha.

Kan jiraatu

Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1

Ameerikaa Kibbaa

Mana

It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1

Dheerina

1,2 cm hanga 2 cm (0,5 in hanga 0,8 in)1

Ariitii olaanaa

gara 2 km/sa'a (1,2 mph)

Lafa irra, tilmaama

Maal nyaata?

It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1

Suuraa Pumpkin toadlet — Pumpkin toadlet. Suuraa: Carlos Otávio Gussoni. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Akkaataa itti beekamu

Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
Females tend to be larger than males.1

Yeroo baay'ee kan itti wal fakkeessan: It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

Humna summii

Gogaa isaa keessa summii

Gogaan isaa summaa'aa dha. Tuquun, arrabaan saamuun ykn nyaachuun balaa qaba.

Summiin isaa (summaa'aa, tuquun ykn nyaachuun) maal godha?

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

Namootaaf hammam balaa qaba?

Balaa namootaaf: Ni dhukkubsaBaay'ee dhukkubsuu danda'a, garuu gonkumaa jechuun ni danda'ama cimaa hin ta'u.

Yeroo sodaatu maal godha?

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

Yoo namni tokko tuqe ykn nyaate

Yoo namni tokko tuqe: harka sirriitti dhiqi, ija ykn afaan hin tuqin. Yoo daa'imni ykn horiin manaa arrabaan saame ykn nyaate: giddugala summii ykn lakkoofsa balaa tasaa bilbili.

Yeroo hunda dursa lakkoofsa balaa tasaa kee bilbili (112, 000, 911). Kun qajeelfama gargaarsa jalqabaa waliigalaa ti, gorsa yaalaa miti. Bu'uura gargaarsa jalqabaa

Nageenyaan turi

Bineensa bosonaa gonkumaa hin tuqin, hin qabin, hin tuttuqin, xiqqaa ta'us, rafe ykn du'e fakkaatus.
Iddoo itti kenni. Yoo tokko wajjin wal argite, tasgabbaa'i, suuta duubatti deebi'iitii karaa isaa akka deemu dhiisi.
Yoo tuqxe ykn nyaatte: ija ykn afaan kee hin sukkuumin, harka kee dhiqi, gargaarsa yaalaas argadhu.

Si miidhuuf si hin barbaadu. Summiin isaa akka homtuu isa hin nyaanneef qofa jira. Waa'ee nageenyaa dabalataan

Addunyaa keessaa eessatti?

Afrikaa Eeshiyaa Awurooppaa Ameerikaa Kaabaa Ameerikaa Kibbaa Awustiraaliyaa fi Oshiyaaniyaa

Hammam guddaa dha?

Dheerinni isaa hammam?

quba kee isa xiqqaa caalaa gabaabaameetira 100 sekoondii 180 keessatti fiiguu danda'a (namni hundaa caalaa ariifatu 9,6 barbaada)

Pumpkin toadlet SI wajjin yoo wal bira qabamu hammam guddaa dha?

Herrega qofa barsiisaa kee keessatti. Homtuu hin olkaa'amu, eessayyuu hin ergamu.

Hammam ariifata?

Elee gara 0,3 km/sa'a (0,19 mph)

Pumpkin toadlet gara 2 km/sa'a (1,2 mph)

Nama miillaan deemu gara 5 km/sa'a (3,1 mph)

beekuun gaarii dha

Dhugaawwan

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

Soba diigaa

Soba: Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

Dhugaa: Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

Ogeeyyii summiitiif

Maqaa saayinsii: Brachycephalus ephippium
Garee: Raacha summaa'aa, raacha lafaa fi newt
Maatii: Brachycephalidae2
Tartiiba: Anura
Ardiiwwan: Ameerikaa Kibbaa
Ilmoolee: It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
Bosona keessatti haala akkamii keessa jira: Not considered threatened1
Balaa namootaaf: 2 / 5: Ni dhukkubsa3

Dhugaawwan eessaa dhufu

Pumpkin toadlet (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Brachycephalus ephippium (iNaturalist): maqaa fi ramaddii.
Venom Wiki: sadarkaan balaa, guddinni idilee fi tilmaamni ariitii kan keenya. Akkamitti akka hojjennu ilaali: Balaa akkamitti madaalla.

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