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Oak processionary

Thaumetopoea processionea

O mene: The name comes from the caterpillars' habit of moving in nose-to-tail lines called processions.1

Len to bolíNedotýkaj saBolí to, ale vážne ti to neublíži.

Húsenice a hmyz

Pŕhlivé chĺpkyJe: Rastliny

Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: BolestivéMôže to poriadne bolieť, ale skoro nikdy to nie je vážne.

The oak processionary is a moth whose caterpillars feed on oak leaves and can strip trees bare. The caterpillars travel in long, nose-to-tail lines, which is how they got their name. Their fine, hair-like bristles can irritate skin and breathing, so they matter a lot to people.1

Žije v

Central and southern Europe, occasionally as far north as Sweden; now established in the UK and Belgium1

Európa

Domov

Oak forests and oak trees, where the caterpillars feed and build silk nests on trunks and branches. People can meet them in oak woodland, on the ground under oaks, and in gardens and parks with oak trees. Their hairs can also reach lawns and garden ponds.1

Dĺžka

2,5 cm až 3,5 cm (1 in až 1,4 in)1

Maximálna rýchlosť

asi 0,03 km/h (0,02 mph)

Na súši, hrubý odhad

Čo je?

Caterpillars eat oak leaves, feeding in the tree crowns at night and returning to their nests. They also eat the leaves of hazel, hornbeam, sweet chestnut, birch and beech, though oak is preferred.1

Fotka: Oak processionary — Oak processionary. Foto: Kleuske. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ako ho spoznať

Adult moths have a wingspan of 25 to 35 mm and are tan, brown and white, which makes them hard to see against oak bark.1
Caterpillars have very long, white hairs that contrast with shorter hairs.1
Caterpillars march in lines, often arrow-shaped, with a leader and rows of several caterpillars side by side.1
Nests are white and silk-like when new, and become discoloured and hard to see over time.1
Nests can be round, teardrop-shaped, bag-like or blanket-like, and can be found at any height on an oak tree.1

Často sa zamieňa s: Caterpillars of several other species may be mistaken for the oak processionary. Unlike other caterpillars, the oak processionary does not live on fences or walls, so it is mostly found in oak trees or on the ground beneath them in late spring and early summer.1

Sila jedu

Pŕhlivé chĺpky

Malinké chĺpky alebo štetinky sa odlomia v koži a pália.

Čo robí jeho jed?

The caterpillars' back bristles contain a urticating toxin called thaumetopoein, a protein that irritates the skin. Contact can cause a papular rash and itching, and the hairs can also cause eye inflammation (conjunctivitis). If the hairs are breathed in, they can cause sore throat (pharyngitis), breathing problems, asthma, or in rare cases anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction.1

Aké nebezpečné je pre ľudí?

Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: BolestivéMôže to poriadne bolieť, ale skoro nikdy to nie je vážne.

The moths are an increasing nuisance to people as their range grows, and the hairs can cause a skin condition called epidemic caterpillar dermatitis. The hairs break off easily, float in the air, and can stay harmful for several seasons. Mowing a lawn can bring people into contact with them.1

Dobrá správa: lekári na to majú liek (protijed) alebo liečbu.1

Čo robí, keď sa bojí?

The caterpillars defend themselves with thousands of pointed, easily broken bristles on their backs that float in the air and irritate the skin.1

Ak sa dotkneš jeho chĺpkov

The skin irritation and itching can be largely relieved by cetirizine-based antihistamine tablets. Anyone with breathing problems or a severe reaction needs urgent medical help.1
Pri pŕhlivých chĺpkoch húseníc: odstráň ich lepiacou páskou a potom umy kožu. Nešúchaj.
Pri uhryznutí: umy a schlaď. Vyhľadaj lekársku pomoc, ak sa postihnutý cíti zle alebo ľahko krváca.

Vždy najprv zavolaj na tiesňovú linku (112, 000, 911). Toto sú všeobecné rady prvej pomoci, nie lekárska rada. Základy prvej pomoci

Buď v bezpečí

Nikdy sa nedotýkaj divého zvieraťa, nechytaj ho ani ho nedráždi, aj keď je malé a aj keď vyzerá, že spí alebo je mŕtve.
Nechaj mu priestor. Ak nejaké stretneš, zostaň pokojný, pomaly cúvni a nechaj ho ísť svojou cestou.
Ak sa dotkneš jeho chĺpkov: zostaň pokojný, nehýb sa, zavolaj na tiesňovú linku (112, 000, 911) alebo sa rýchlo dostaň do nemocnice. Zapamätaj si, ako vyzeralo, fotka pomôže.

Nejde po tebe. Jed používa na chytanie potravy alebo na obranu a oveľa radšej sa schová. Viac o tom, ako zostať v bezpečí

Kde na svete?

Afrika Ázia Európa Severná Amerika Južná Amerika Austrália a Oceánia

Aké je veľké?

Aké je dlhé?

asi tak dlhé ako kancelárska spinkapomalšie ako záhradný slimák

Aký veľký je Oak processionary v porovnaní s TEBOU?

Iba matematika v tvojom prehliadači. Nič sa neukladá ani nikam neposiela.

Aké je rýchle?

Oak processionary asi 0,03 km/h (0,02 mph)

Slimák záhradný asi 0,05 km/h (0,03 mph)

Korytnačka suchozemská asi 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

dobré vedieť

Fakty

Older caterpillars can have up to 63,000 pointed defensive bristles on their backs.1

In 2007, soldiers were deployed to burn infestations in the Belgian province of Limburg.1

The UK government spent £37 million trying to control the caterpillars, which had spread to all 33 London boroughs by 2019.1

In the Netherlands, great tits have been observed eating the young caterpillars before their hairs develop in April.1

In 2023, an outbreak in Ireland was successfully eradicated.1

Pre znalcov jedov

Vedecký názov: Thaumetopoea processionea
Skupina: Húsenice a hmyz
Rodina: Notodontidae2
Rad: Lepidoptera
Kontinenty: Európa
Mláďatá: Eggs hatch into caterpillars that build communal silk nests in oak trees, and the caterpillars later pupate into adult moths in these nests.1
Nebezpečenstvo pre ľudí: 2 / 5: Bolestivé3

Odkiaľ sú fakty

Oak processionary (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Thaumetopoea processionea (iNaturalist): mená a klasifikácia.
Venom Wiki: úroveň nebezpečenstva, typická veľkosť a odhad rýchlosti sú naše vlastné. Pozri, ako ich určujeme: Ako hodnotíme nebezpečenstvo.

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