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Risba: Fire salamander
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Fire salamander

Salamandra salamandra
Samo boliNe dotikaj seBoli, a te ne bo resno poškodovala.
Strupene žabe, krastače in pupki Strup v kožiJe: ŽuželkeStrupena za dotik ali zaužitje, ne ob ugrizu ali piku
Nevarnost za ljudi: BolečeLahko zelo boli, a skoraj nikoli ni resno.

The fire salamander is a black amphibian with bright yellow, and sometimes red or orange, markings. It lives in forests across most of southern and central Europe. Its bright colours warn predators that its skin is poisonous.1

Strupena ob ugrizu ali ob dotiku? Nekatere živali strup vbrizgajo z ugrizom ali pikom: te so strupene ob ugrizu ali piku. Druge so škodljive, če se jih dotakneš ali jih poješ: te so strupene za dotik ali zaužitje. Ta žival je strupena za dotik ali zaužitje.
Živi v
Most of southern and central Europe, including the Balkans and Spain1
Evropa
Domov
Fire salamanders live in forests, especially deciduous woodland in hilly areas. They hide under fallen leaves, wood, stones and mossy tree trunks. They need small, clean brooks or ponds nearby for their young to develop, and people may meet them in damp woodland, especially in the evening, at night or on rainy days.1
Dolžina
15 cm do 25 cm (5,9 in do 9,8 in)1
Teža
40 g (1,4 oz)1
Največja hitrost
približno 0,5 km/h (0,31 mph)
Na kopnem, groba ocena
Kaj je?
It mainly eats insects, spiders, millipedes, centipedes, earthworms and slugs. It occasionally eats newts and young frogs. It catches small prey with its vomerine teeth or the back of its tongue, to which the prey sticks.1
Zares!Fotografija: Fire salamander
Fire salamander. Fotografija: Frank Vassen. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Kako jo prepoznaš

  • Black with yellow spots or stripes; the amount of yellow varies, and some are almost completely black1
  • Shades of red or orange may appear, replacing or mixing with the yellow, depending on the subspecies1
  • Grows to 15 to 25 cm long, making it one of Europe's largest salamanders1
  • Males and females look very similar, except in the breeding season, when the male has a swollen gland near his vent1

Moč strupa

Strup v koži

Njena koža je strupena. Nevarno se je je dotakniti, jo polizati ali pojesti.

Kaj naredi njen strup, če se je dotakneš ali jo poješ?

The fire salamander is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom with a bite. Its skin secretions contain alkaloid toxins, mainly samandarin, which cause strong muscle convulsions and high blood pressure, combined with fast breathing, in all vertebrates. Another alkaloid, samandarone, has also been found in its skin secretions. The poison comes from glands concentrated around the head and along the back.1

Kako nevarna je za ljudi?

Nevarnost za ljudi: BolečeLahko zelo boli, a skoraj nikoli ni resno.

Some compounds in its skin secretions are potentially dangerous to human life. Touching the animal or handling its skin can expose people to the poison.1

Kaj naredi, ko se prestraši?

Its bright yellow, red or orange colours warn predators that it is poisonous, and it releases toxins from its skin glands.1

Če se je je kdo dotaknil ali jo pojedel

  • Če se je je kdo dotaknil: dobro umij roke in se ne dotikaj oči ali ust. Če jo je otrok ali hišni ljubljenček polizal ali pojedel: pokliči center za zastrupitve ali številko za klic v sili.

Vedno najprej pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911). To so splošna navodila za prvo pomoč, ne zdravniški nasvet. Osnove prve pomoči

Ostani varen

  • Nikoli se ne dotikaj divje živali, je ne lovi in je ne draži, tudi če je majhna in tudi če je videti, kot da spi ali je mrtva.
  • Pusti ji prostor. Če jo srečaš, ostani miren, počasi stopi nazaj in jo pusti, da gre svojo pot.
  • Če si se je dotaknil ali jo pojedel: ne drgni si oči ali ust, umij si roke in poišči zdravniško pomoč.

Ne preži nate. Njen strup je tam samo zato, da je nihče ne poje. Več o varnosti

Kje na svetu?

AfrikaAzijaEvropaSeverna AmerikaJužna AmerikaAvstralija in Oceanija

Kako velika je?

Kako dolga je?

Fire salamander približno 25 cm dolga (9,8 in)Banana približno 18 cm (7,1 in)Domača mačka približno 50 cm (1,6 ft)

Koliko tehta?

težka kot 40 sponk za papir
dolga kot 8 kock za igranje v vrsti

Kakšne velikosti je Fire salamander v primerjavi s TABO?

Samo matematika v tvojem brskalniku. Nič se ne shrani in nič se nikamor ne pošlje.

Kako hitra je?

vredno vedeti

Dejstva

1

One fire salamander lived for more than 50 years in Museum Koenig, a natural history museum in Germany.1

2

Larvae do not make the poison. It develops as the salamander matures, in the ovaries, liver and testes.1

3

Its skin poison may also help protect it against bacterial and fungal infections of the skin.1

4

Its bright colours are a warning signal. Scientists call this aposematism, meaning the animal advertises that it is poisonous.1

5

Some subspecies give birth to live young, while others release larvae into water. Only two subspecies, fastuosa and bernadezi, give birth to fully formed young.1

6

In captivity, females can store sperm for a long time and use it to produce another clutch of eggs. This has not been seen in the wild.1

Za strokovnjake za strupe

Znanstveno ime
Salamandra salamandra
Skupina
Strupene žabe, krastače in pupki
Družina
Salamandridae2
Red
Caudata
Celine
Evropa
Mladiči
Eggs develop inside the female, and she puts the larvae into water as they hatch. In some subspecies, the young develop inside the female until she gives birth to fully formed young.1
Življenjska doba
približno 50 let1
Kako ji gre v naravi
Vulnerable (IUCN Red List, 2023)1
Nevarnost za ljudi
2 / 5: Boleče3

Od kod so dejstva

  1. Fire salamander (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Salamandra salamandra (iNaturalist): imena in razvrstitev.
  3. Venom Wiki: stopnja nevarnosti, tipična velikost in ocena hitrosti so naše lastne. Poglej, kako jih določimo: Kako ocenjujemo nevarnost.

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