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Puff adder

Bitis arietans

O imenu: The specific name arietans means "striking violently", from the Latin word arieto.1

Smrtno nevarnaEna najbolj smrtonosnih živali na Zemlji. Če te ugrizne, takoj pokliči pomoč.Hitra pomoč in protistrup rešita večino ljudi. Takoj pokliči številko za klic v sili.

Vipere in gadi

UgriziJe: Meso

Nevarnost za ljudi: Smrtno nevarnaEna najnevarnejših živali na svetu.

The puff adder is a large, stout viper that lives across most of Africa and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. It is one of the most dangerous snakes in Africa because it lives in places where many people live and work, and it has very potent venom. Its camouflage hides it well, so it is easy to step near without seeing it.1

Živi v

Africa except the Sahara and rainforest regions; also Morocco, western Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula as far north as Ta'if1

Afrika, Azija

Domov

It lives in savannahs and grasslands, and is most often found in rocky grassland. It basks by footpaths and in low bushes, which is where people often meet it.1

Dolžina

1,9 m (6,2 ft)1

Teža

6 kg (13 lb)1

Največja hitrost

približno 3,7 km/h (2,3 mph)

Na kopnem, groba ocena

Kaj je?

It mostly hunts at night and rarely searches actively for food. Instead, it waits in ambush for prey to pass by. Its prey includes rodents, birds, amphibians, lizards, other snakes and tortoises, and occasionally small deer.1

Fotografija: Puff adder — Puff adder. Fotografija: Bernard DUPONT. CC BY-SA 4.0, iNaturalist.

Kako jo prepoznaš

Stout, heavy body. Usually about 1.0 m long including the tail.1
Two dark bands across the top of the head, and two dark bars running from each eye down the sides of the head.1
Back is straw yellow, light brown, orange or reddish brown, with 18–22 dark brown to black chevron-shaped bands running down the back and tail.1
In some populations, the body is heavily flecked with brown and black, giving a dusty-brown or blackish look.1
Males from highland East Africa and the Western Cape of South Africa often have a striking yellow-and-black pattern.1

Moč strupa

Ugrizi

Strup pride ven skozi strupnike ali zobe, ko ugrizne.

Kaj naredi njen strup, ko ugrizne ali piči?

Its venom is cytotoxic, which means it destroys body tissue. Bites cause severe pain, swelling, bleeding under the skin and, in serious cases, tissue death that can spread and lead to gangrene. Other symptoms include shock, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and periods of semi-consciousness. Death can occur in about 25 hours from a dose of around 100 mg, and deaths usually come 2–4 days after a bite from complications.1

Kako nevarna je za ljudi?

Nevarnost za ljudi: Smrtno nevarnaEna najnevarnejših živali na svetu.

It is responsible for more snakebite deaths in Africa than any other African snake. This is due to its wide range, common presence near people, large size, potent venom and aggressive temperament. Deaths are uncommon in untreated cases, but severe bites can be fatal, with one report giving a 52% mortality rate. Most deaths are linked to poor medical care.1

Kaj naredi, ko se prestraši?

When disturbed, it hisses loudly and continuously, coils tightly with the front of its body in a taut S shape, and may back away towards cover before striking suddenly and fast.1

Če ugrizne

Poškodovanca drži pri miru in ga pomirjaj, ugriznjeni ud drži v višini srca, odstrani prstane in tesne stvari ter ga hitro odpelji v bolnišnico.

Vedno najprej pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911). To so splošna navodila za prvo pomoč, ne zdravniški nasvet. Osnove prve pomoči

Ostani varen

Nikoli se ne dotikaj divje živali, je ne lovi in je ne draži, tudi če je majhna in tudi če je videti, kot da spi ali je mrtva.
Pusti ji prostor. Če jo srečaš, ostani miren, počasi stopi nazaj in jo pusti, da gre svojo pot.
Če te ugrizne: ostani miren, ne premikaj se, pokliči številko za klic v sili (112, 000, 911) ali hitro pojdi v bolnišnico. Zapomni si, kako je izgledala, fotografija pomaga.

Ne preži nate. Strup uporablja, da ulovi hrano ali se zaščiti, in se veliko raje skrije. Več o varnosti

Kje na svetu?

Afrika Azija Evropa Severna Amerika Južna Amerika Avstralija in Oceanija

Kako velika je?

Kako dolga je?

Koliko tehta?

težka kot 1,5 domačih mačk

dolga kot 4 domačih mačk od nosu do repadolga kot 11 banan, položenih ena za drugopribližno tako težka kot domača mačkazmore 100 metrov v 97 sekundah (najhitrejši človek potrebuje 9,6)

Kakšne velikosti je Puff adder v primerjavi s TABO?

Samo matematika v tvojem brskalniku. Nič se ne shrani in nič se nikamor ne pošlje.

Kako hitra je?

Želva približno 0,3 km/h (0,19 mph)

Puff adder približno 3,7 km/h (2,3 mph)

Človek, ki hodi približno 5 km/h (3,1 mph)

vredno vedeti

Dejstva

A female in a Czech zoo gave birth to 156 young, the largest litter recorded for any snake species.1

Its fangs are long and can penetrate deeply, and the force of its strike can kill prey by physical trauma alone.1

A large adult can produce between 150 and 350 mg of venom at a time, with a maximum of 750 mg.1

Dogs and meerkats, which hunt by scent, find it hard to detect because of a form of olfactory crypsis, meaning it hides its scent.1

It is one of the most toxic vipers based on LD50 (the dose that kills half of test animals in a study).1

It is a good swimmer and climber, and one specimen was found 4.6 m above the ground in a dense tree.1

Razbijalec mitov

Mit: Puff adders are fast, aggressive snakes that chase people.

Resnica: They are normally sluggish and rely on camouflage for protection. They strike when disturbed, but they do not usually pursue people.1

Za strokovnjake za strupe

Znanstveno ime: Bitis arietans
Skupina: Vipere in gadi
Družina: Viperidae2
Red: Squamata
Celine: Afrika, Azija
Mladiči: It gives birth to live young in large numbers, usually 50–60, with litters of over 80 reported. Newborns are 12.5–17.5 cm long.1
Nevarnost za ljudi: 5 / 5: Smrtno nevarna3

Od kod so dejstva

Puff adder (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Bitis arietans (iNaturalist): imena in razvrstitev.
Venom Wiki: stopnja nevarnosti, tipična velikost in ocena hitrosti so naše lastne. Poglej, kako jih določimo: Kako ocenjujemo nevarnost.

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