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Setshwantsho sa khathune sa Pumpkin toadlet
No. 1349 ho 1 402

Pumpkin toadlet

Brachycephalus ephippium
E utlwisa bohloko feelaO se ke wa amaE a utlwisa bohloko, empa e ke ke ya o lematsa haholo.
Dihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newt Chefo letlalong la yonaE ja: NamaE chefang, eseng e nang le chefo
Kotsi ho batho: E bohlokoE ka utlwisa bohloko haholo, empa hoo e batlang e le kamehla ha e kotsi haholo.

The pumpkin toadlet is a tiny, brightly coloured frog that lives in the leaf litter of the Atlantic rainforests of southeastern Brazil. Adults are bright yellow-orange, a warning sign that their skin and body carry a strong toxin. Scientists have found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light.1

E chefang kapa e nang le chefo? Diphoofolo tse nang le chefo di kenya chefo ka ho loma kapa ka ho hlaba. Diphoofolo tse chefang di kotsi ha o di ama kapa o di ja. Ena ke e chefang.
E phela
Southeastern Brazil: Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern São Paulo and southeastern Minas Gerais1
Amerika Borwa
Lapeng
It lives among leaf litter on the forest floor of Atlantic rainforests, at altitudes of 200 to 1,250 metres. It is active during the day.1
Bolelele
1,2 cm ho isa ho 2 cm (0,5 in ho isa ho 0,8 in)1
Lebelo le phahameng
e ka bang 2 km/h (1,2 mph)
Naheng, kakanyo feela
E ja eng?
It feeds on tiny invertebrates found in the leaf litter.1
Ka nnete!Foto ya Pumpkin toadlet
Pumpkin toadlet. Foto: Carlos Otávio Gussoni. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Ho e tseba jwang

  • Adults are bright yellow-orange.1
  • Newly hatched young are brown and well camouflaged.1
  • It is very small, with adults measuring 12.5 to 19.7 mm from snout to vent.1
  • Females tend to be larger than males.1

Hangata e ferekanngwa le: It is closely related to the red pumpkin toadlet (B. pitanga), which also glows under ultraviolet light and shares its inability to hear its own call.1

Matla a chefo

Chefo letlalong la yona

Letlalo la yona le a chefa. Ho kotsi ho e ama, ho e nyeka kapa ho e ja.

Chefo ya yona (e chefang ha o e ama kapa o e ja) e etsang?

This frog is poisonous rather than venomous, so it does not inject venom. Its main toxin is 11-oxotetrodotoxin, which is extremely rare in animals, even marine ones, and is four to five times more potent than tetrodotoxin. The toxins are found in the skin and ovaries but are mostly concentrated in the liver.1

E kotsi hakae ho batho?

Kotsi ho batho: E bohlokoE ka utlwisa bohloko haholo, empa hoo e batlang e le kamehla ha e kotsi haholo.

E etsang ha e tshohile?

Its bright yellow-orange colour is a warning display (aposematism) that tells predators it is toxic.1

Haeba motho a e amme kapa a e jele

  • Haeba motho a amme e nngwe: hlatswa matsoho hantle mme o se ke wa ama mahlo kapa molomo. Haeba ngwana kapa phoofolo ya lapeng e e nyeditse kapa e e jele: letsetsa setsi sa chefo (poison centre) kapa nomoro ya tshohanyetso.

Kamehla letsetsa nomoro ya tshohanyetso pele (112, 000, 911). Ena ke tataiso e akaretsang ya thuso ya pele, hase keletso ya bongaka. Metheo ya thuso ya pele

Dula o bolokehile

  • O se ke wa ama, wa tshwara kapa wa tena phoofolo ya naheng, leha e le e nyenyane, le leha e shebahala e robetse kapa e shwele.
  • E fe sebaka. Ha o kopana le yona, dula o kgutsitse, kgutlela morao butle mme o e tlohele e tsamaye ka tsela ya yona.
  • Haeba o e amme kapa o e jele: o se ke wa hohla mahlo kapa molomo, hlatswa matsoho mme o fumane thuso ya bongaka.

Ha e o batle. Chefo ya yona e teng feela hore ho se be le letho le e jang. Ho eketsehileng ka ho dula o bolokehile

Hokae lefatsheng?

AfrikaAsiaYuropaAmerika LeboyaAmerika BorwaAustralia le Oceania

E kgolo hakae?

E telele hakae?

Pumpkin toadlet bolelele ba e ka bang 2 cm (0,8 in)Thollo ya raese e ka bang 7 mm (0,3 in)Tjhelete ya tshepe ya euro e le nngwe e ka bang 2,3 cm (0,9 in)
e kgutshwane ho feta monwana wa hao o monyenyanee ka matha metara e 100 ka metsotswana e 180 (motho ya potlakang ka ho fetisisa o hloka 9,6)

Pumpkin toadlet e kgolo hakae ha e bapiswa le WENA?

Ke dipalo feela ka hara sebatli sa hao. Ha ho letho le bolokwang kapa le romelwang kae kapa kae.

E potlaka hakae?

ho molemo ho tseba

Dintlha

1

In 2019, scientists found that the head and back of this frog glow under ultraviolet light because of fluorescent skeletons. Young frogs that have gained adult colours still do not glow.1

2

Adults cannot hear the frequency of their own calls because their ears are underdeveloped. They communicate with movements such as inflating the vocal sac, gaping the mouth and waving their arms.1

3

Its main toxin, 11-oxotetrodotoxin, is extremely rare in animals, even in marine species.1

4

Its young hatch directly into tiny toadlets, skipping the tadpole stage.1

5

It is among the largest frogs in its genus, Brachycephalus.1

Ho senya ditshomo

Tshomo: Its glow under ultraviolet light is a warning signal to predators.

Nnete: Studies suggest this is unlikely. Predators attack the frogs at the same rate whether or not they glow.1

Bakeng sa ditsebi tsa chefo

Lebitso la saense
Brachycephalus ephippium
Sehlopha
Dihoho tse chefang, mampotsana le di-newt
Lelapa
Brachycephalidae2
Tatelano
Anura
Dikontinente
Amerika Borwa
Masea
It breeds by direct development. The female lays a few eggs on land, which hatch into young toadlets with no tadpole stage.1
Boemo ba yona naheng
Not considered threatened1
Kotsi ho batho
2 / 5: E bohloko3

Moo dintlha di tswang teng

  1. Pumpkin toadlet (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
  2. Brachycephalus ephippium (iNaturalist): mabitso le tlhophiso.
  3. Venom Wiki: boemo ba kotsi, boholo bo tlwaelehileng le kakanyo ya lebelo ke tsa rona. Bona kamoo re di balang ka teng: Kamoo re lekanyang kotsi ka teng.

Taba e nngwe le e nngwe leqepheng lena e na le nomoro e bontshang mohlodi wa yona. Haeba re entse phoso, re kopa tshwarelo, re barati ba diphoofolo, hase makasine wa saense. Re bolelle ho [email protected] mme re tla e lokisa.

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