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Black-necked spitting cobra

Naja nigricollis

Kuhusu jina: The scientific name comes from Latin: 'niger' means black and 'collis' means neck. The genus name Naja comes from the Sanskrit word for cobra.1

Anaweza kuuaAnaweza kukuua bila matibabu. Akikuuma au akikutemea sumu machoni, tafuta msaada haraka.

Swila, koboko na ngoshwe

Hunyunyiza au kutemaHula: Nyama

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

The black-necked spitting cobra is a venomous snake found mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. It can squirt venom from its fangs at a threat, and that venom can cause permanent blindness if it gets into the eyes. Its colours vary a lot from place to place.1

Anaishi

Mostly sub-Saharan Africa, in western, eastern, central and parts of southern Africa. Absent from the Congo Basin rainforests.1

Afrika

Nyumbani

It usually lives in savanna and semi-desert, up to 1,800 metres, and also in moist savanna and cleared former forest, especially near rivers and streams. It is often met in villages and small towns, where it may come into direct contact with people. It hides in tree trunks, termite mounds and rodent holes.1

Urefu

1.2 m hadi 2.2 m (3.9 ft hadi 7.2 ft)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 7.8 kwa saa (maili 4.8 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Hula nini?

It feeds mainly on small rodents such as small rats and mice. It also eats birds, fishes, lizards, eggs and other snakes.1

Picha ya Black-necked spitting cobra — Black-necked spitting cobra. Picha: Nigel Voaden. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Moderately sized, with a moderately distinct head, and grows to 1.2 to 2.2 metres.1
Many specimens have a broad black neck band, often with an orange or pinkish bar on the neck.1
Colours vary by region: black or pale grey, yellowish-brown, deep reddish-brown, olive brown, striped black and white, or totally white with dark eyes.1
Some have a yellow or reddish belly, while others lack the neck bands and belly colour.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Hunyunyiza au kutema

Hunyunyiza au kutema kimiminika kinachowasha kwa washambulizi.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

Its venom is mostly cytotoxic, meaning it destroys cells, and it also has typical elapid neurotoxic (nerve-attacking) effects and cardiotoxic (heart-damaging) components. A bite causes severe bleeding from the wound, tissue death around the bite, and difficulty breathing. Venom in the eyes causes extreme burning pain, loss of coordination, partial loss of vision, and permanent blindness.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: Hatari sanaAnaweza kumuua mtu asiyepata matibabu.

Its venom is medically significant. The death rate for untreated bites is about 5 to 10%, and under 1% in areas where it is common. When death occurs, it is usually from paralysis of the diaphragm, the muscle used for breathing.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

It spits venom from its fangs at a threat, reaching up to 7 metres with good accuracy. It also bites readily, even with only slight provocation.1

Akiuma au kutema

If venom gets into the eyes, it should be washed off, because permanent blindness can follow if it is not. Anyone bitten should get medical treatment, as untreated bites carry a much higher risk of death.1
Mweke mtu bila kutikisika na mtulivu, ondoa pete na vitu vinavyobana, na umpeleke hospitali haraka: dawa ya kuzuia sumu ndiyo tiba.
Sumu ikitemewa machoni, yasafishe mara moja kwa maji mengi safi.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Akikuuma au akikutemea sumu machoni: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

urefu sawa na paka wa nyumbani 4 kutoka pua hadi mkiaurefu sawa na ndizi 12 zilizopangwa mstariangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 46 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Black-necked spitting cobra ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

Black-necked spitting cobra takriban km 7.8 kwa saa (4.8 mph)

Mtoto kwenye baiskeli takriban km 12 kwa saa (7.5 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

It can spit venom accurately more than 7 metres away.1

In 1944, a British eye surgeon, Major Harold Ridley, described eye damage from a spit from this cobra in Ghana. He treated the man and followed his case until the eye fully recovered.1

A single bite can deliver 200 to 350 mg of venom (dry weight), according to a 1974 study by Minton.1

It is an excellent tree climber and can live in trees at times.1

Wild-caught individuals tend to be nervous and spit readily, while captive-bred animals are much calmer.1

It can be active at night or during the day, depending on the season, location and temperature.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: Spitting cobras only spit venom and do not bite.

Ukweli: The black-necked spitting cobra also bites, and it will do so with only slight provocation.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Naja nigricollis
Kundi: Swila, koboko na ngoshwe
Familia: Elapidae2
Mpangilio: Squamata
Mabara: Afrika
Watoto: Females usually lay 10 to 15 eggs, though they can lay between 8 and 22. The young are about 20 to 25 cm long at birth and are fully independent.1
Hatari kwa watu: 4 / 5: Hatari sana3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Black-necked spitting cobra (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Naja nigricollis (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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