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Blue-capped ifrit

Ifrita kowaldi

Hana madharaHana madhara kwa watu. Hakuna cha kuhofia.

Wanyama wengine wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula

Sumu ndani ya ngoziHula: WaduduSumu ya kugusa au kula, hadungi sumu

Hatari kwa watu: HafifuKama kudungwa na nyuki au chini ya hapo. Kimsingi hana madhara kwa watu.

The blue-capped ifrit is a small forest bird with a bright blue cap on its head. It lives only in the high, wet forests of New Guinea. It matters because its feathers and skin carry a strong poison that the bird picks up from its food.1

Anadunga sumu au ana sumu ya kugusa? Wanyama wanaodunga sumu huingiza sumu kwa kuuma au kudunga. Wanyama wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula hudhuru wakiguswa au kuliwa. Huyu ni wa aina ya pili.

Anaishi

Western New Guinea and Papua New Guinea, found nowhere else on Earth1

Australia na Oceania

Nyumbani

It mainly lives in subtropical and tropical moist montane forests, usually at 1,500 metres or higher, and it depends on the forest ecosystem. It forages in small groups in these high-altitude forests.1

Urefu

16 cm hadi 17 cm (6.3 in hadi 6.7 in)1

Uzito

34 g hadi 36 g (1.2 oz hadi 1.3 oz)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 40 kwa saa (maili 25 kwa saa)

Anayeruka, makadirio

Hula nini?

It eats mainly insects and worms. It forages carefully through moss, branches and tree trunks, and sometimes eats soft fruits.1

Picha ya Blue-capped ifrit — Blue-capped ifrit. Picha: Jay Pruett. CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Brown upperparts with finely dotted wing edges, and light-yellow underparts1
A bright blue cap outlined in black, with a small black spot on the crown1
A long white stripe beside the eye, with a thin black line inside it, and a narrow white ring around the eye1
A stout body with a broad chest, short rounded wings and feathered legs1
Males have whiter ear streaks and more vivid head and neck colours than females1

Nguvu ya sumu

Sumu ndani ya ngozi

Ngozi yake ina sumu. Ni hatari kumgusa, kumramba au kumla.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

This bird is poisonous rather than venomous, because it does not bite or sting. Its feathers and skin contain batrachotoxin (BTX), a neurotoxin, which is a poison that attacks the nerves. BTX holds open the sodium channels in muscle and nerve cells, which can cause muscle paralysis and potentially death. It is thought to be deadlier than cyanide, and in people it causes sneezing, irritation and allergic reactions when they handle the bird.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: HafifuKama kudungwa na nyuki au chini ya hapo. Kimsingi hana madhara kwa watu.

Handling the bird can cause sneezing, irritation and allergic reactions in people. The toxin is thought to be deadlier than cyanide, but the bird is not aggressive.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

Its toxic feathers and skin protect it against predators and parasites.1

Mtu akimgusa au kumla

Mtu akimla au akipata dalili baada ya kumla: piga namba ya dharura au kituo cha taarifa za sumu mara moja.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Ukimgusa au kumla: usisugue macho wala mdomo, nawa mikono na utafute msaada wa kitabibu.

Hakuwindi wewe. Sumu yake ipo tu ili asiliwe na yeyote. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

Ana uzito gani?

uzito sawa na vibanio vya karatasi 36

urefu sawa na matofali 5 ya kuchezea yaliyopangwa mstariangeweza kuruka kuvuka uwanja mzima wa mpira kwa sekunde 9.5

Blue-capped ifrit ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Mtu anayekimbia kwa kasi takriban km 37 kwa saa (23 mph)

Blue-capped ifrit takriban km 40 kwa saa (25 mph)

Gari mjini takriban km 50 kwa saa (31 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

It is one of the few birds known to store batrachotoxin, a poison that is thought to be deadlier than cyanide, in its feathers and skin.1

It is resistant to its own poison because of a gene mutation that changes the shape of its sodium channel. Similar mutations are found in poison dart frogs.1

It does not make its own poison. It gets the toxin from Choresine beetles it eats, and possibly from soil mites or certain plants.1

Its toxin-covered feathers may rub off onto its egg or nest, which may protect them from predators.1

The species is an ancient one that dates back to the Oligocene epoch, when New Guinea was a series of islands.1

It is the only living member of its family, Ifritidae, so the family has just one species.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: The bird makes its own poison.

Ukweli: The toxin is thought to come from its diet, mainly Choresine beetles.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Ifrita kowaldi
Kundi: Wanyama wengine wenye sumu ya kugusa au kula
Familia: Ifritidae2
Mpangilio: Passeriformes
Mabara: Australia na Oceania
Watoto: Nesting runs from August to November. Each clutch usually holds a single white egg with black and purple spots, laid in a nest of moss and fern about 2 to 3 metres above the ground.1
Hali yake porini: Least concern1
Hatari kwa watu: 1 / 5: Hafifu3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Blue-capped ifrit (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Ifrita kowaldi (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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