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Common European adder

Vipera berus

Kuhusu jina: The word 'adder' comes from the Old English word nædre, which meant snake.1

Anahitaji daktariMara chache huua, lakini kuumwa kunahitaji daktari.

Nyoka aina ya fira na kifutu

KuumwaHula: Nyama

Hatari kwa watu: MbayaKuumwa kunahitaji daktari. Vifo ni nadra sana.

The common European adder is a venomous snake that lives across much of Europe and as far east as East Asia. In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake. It is not aggressive and usually bites only when it is cornered, stepped on or picked up.1

Anaishi

Europe, across Russia to the Pacific Ocean, plus Sakhalin, North Korea, northern Mongolia and northern China1

Ulaya, Asia

Nyumbani

It lives in many kinds of land, including chalky downs, moors, heaths, meadows, woodland edges, hedgerows, coastal dunes, stone quarries and rubbish tips. It also enters wetlands if there is dry ground nearby, so it may be found on the banks of streams, lakes and ponds.1

Urefu

60 cm hadi 90 cm (2 ft hadi 3 ft)1

Uzito

50 g hadi 180 g (1.8 oz hadi 6 oz)1

Kasi ya juu

takriban km 3.4 kwa saa (maili 2.1 kwa saa)

Nchi kavu, makadirio

Hula nini?

It mainly eats small mammals such as mice, rats, voles and shrews, along with lizards and amphibians such as frogs, newts and salamanders. It also takes birds, especially nestlings and eggs, climbing into shrubs and bushes to reach them. Young adders eat worms and spiders as well.1

Picha ya Common European adder — Common European adder. Picha: Charles J. Sharp. CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons.

Jinsi ya kumtambua

Relatively thick body. Adults are usually about 60 cm long, including the tail.1
Most have a dark zigzag pattern running along the back and tail.1
A dark V or X marking is usually present on top of the head.1
A dark streak runs from the eye to the neck, then continues as spots along the sides.1
Females are usually brown with dark brown markings. Males are a uniform grey with black markings.1

Nguvu ya sumu

Kuumwa

Sumu hutoka kupitia meno yake ya sumu au meno anapouma.

Sumu yake hufanya nini?

Bites can be very painful, but they are rarely fatal.1

Ana hatari gani kwa watu?

Hatari kwa watu: MbayaKuumwa kunahitaji daktari. Vifo ni nadra sana.

The adder is not regarded as especially dangerous. It is not aggressive and usually bites only when really provoked, stepped on or picked up. Bites are rarely fatal.1

Hufanya nini akiogopa?

When it feels threatened, it usually slips away into the undergrowth. Some snakes, often pregnant females, hiss loudly to warn off danger, and the front of the body is drawn into an S-shape before a strike.1

Akiuma

Mweke mtu bila kutikisika na mtulivu, weka kiungo kilichoumwa usawa wa moyo, ondoa pete na vitu vinavyobana, na umpeleke hospitali haraka.

Daima piga namba ya dharura kwanza (112, 000, 911). Huu ni mwongozo wa jumla wa huduma ya kwanza, si ushauri wa kitabibu. Misingi ya huduma ya kwanza

Kaa salama

Kamwe usimguse, kumkamata wala kumchokoza mnyama wa porini, hata akiwa mdogo, na hata akionekana amelala au amekufa.
Mpe nafasi. Ukikutana naye, tulia, rudi nyuma polepole na umwache aende zake.
Akikuuma: tulia, usitikisike, piga namba yako ya dharura (112, 000, 911) au nenda hospitali haraka. Kumbuka alivyoonekana, picha husaidia.

Hakuwindi wewe. Hutumia sumu yake kukamata chakula au kujilinda, na hupendelea zaidi kujificha. Zaidi kuhusu kukaa salama

Wapi duniani?

Afrika Asia Ulaya Amerika Kaskazini Amerika Kusini Australia na Oceania

Ana ukubwa gani?

Ana urefu gani?

Ana uzito gani?

uzito sawa na ndizi 1.5

urefu sawa na paka wa nyumbani 2 kutoka pua hadi mkiaurefu sawa na ndizi 5 zilizopangwa mstariangeweza kukimbia mita 100 kwa sekunde 110 (binadamu mwenye kasi zaidi anahitaji 9.6)

Common European adder ana ukubwa gani ukilinganisha na WEWE?

Ni hesabu tu kwenye kivinjari chako. Hakuna kinachohifadhiwa wala kutumwa popote.

Ana kasi gani?

Kobe takriban km 0.3 kwa saa (0.19 mph)

Common European adder takriban km 3.4 kwa saa (2.1 mph)

Mtu anayetembea takriban km 5 kwa saa (3.1 mph)

inafaa kujua

Ukweli

It hibernates in winter. In northern Sweden, hibernation lasts 8 to 9 months, and it may come out to bask on mild days, sometimes crossing snow to do so.1

Around 15% of adults and 30 to 40% of juveniles die during hibernation.1

Males and females can often be told apart by colour, which is unusual for snakes.1

In several European countries it is the only native venomous snake.1

It is found farther north than any other snake species.1

Kuvunja dhana potofu

Dhana potofu: Adders are aggressive snakes that attack people.

Ukweli: Adders are timid. They usually disappear at the slightest hint of danger and bite only when cornered, alarmed, stepped on or picked up.1

Kwa wataalamu wa sumu

Jina la kisayansi: Vipera berus
Kundi: Nyoka aina ya fira na kifutu
Familia: Viperidae2
Mpangilio: Squamata
Mabara: Ulaya, Asia
Watoto: It gives birth to live young rather than laying eggs. Females breed once every two or three years, and litters range from three to 20 young.1
Hali yake porini: Least concern (IUCN Red List), although its population is decreasing. It is protected in many countries, and it is listed as endangered in Switzerland.1
Hatari kwa watu: 3 / 5: Mbaya3

Ukweli unatoka wapi

Adder (Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0))
Vipera berus (iNaturalist): majina na uainishaji.
Venom Wiki: kiwango cha hatari, ukubwa wa kawaida na makadirio ya kasi ni yetu wenyewe. Ona jinsi tunavyovipata: Jinsi tunavyopima hatari.

Kila ukweli kwenye ukurasa huu una namba inayoonyesha chanzo chake. Kama tumekosea kitu, samahani, sisi ni wapenzi wa wanyama, si jarida la kisayansi. Tuambie kupitia [email protected] nasi tutarekebisha.

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